Homologia de sequência

Homologia de sequência é a homologia biológica entre DNA, RNA, ou sequências de proteínas, definido em termos de ancestralidade compartilhada na história evolutiva da vida. Dois segmentos de DNA podem ter ancestralidade compartilhada por causa de três fenômenos: tanto um evento de especiação (ortólogos) ou um evento de duplicação (parálogos), ou então um evento de transferência gênica horizontal (ou lateral) (xenólogos).^[1]

Homologia entre DNA, RNA ou proteínas é tipicamente inferida de sua similaridade de sequência de nucleotídeos ou aminoácidos. Semelhança significativa é uma forte evidência de que duas sequências estão relacionadas por mudanças evolutivas de uma sequência ancestral comum. Alinhamentos de múltiplas sequências são usadas para indicar quais regiões de cada sequência são homólogas.

Referências

↑ Koonin, Eugene V. (2005). «Orthologs, paralogs, and evolutionary genomics». Annual Review of Genetics. 39: 309–338. PMID 16285863. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725

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