Hōjō Tokiyori

Hōjō Tokiyori
Hōjō Tokiyori
Nascimento 29 de junho de 1227
Morte 24 de dezembro de 1263
Sepultamento Meigetsu-in
Cidadania Japão
Progenitores
Cônjuge Kasai-dono, Sanuki no tsubone
Filho(a)(s) Hōjō Tokisuke, Hōjō Tokimune, Hōjō Munemasa, Hōjō Munetoki, Hōjō Jigon, Hōjō Muneyori, Hōjō Masayori
Irmão(ã)(s) Hiwadahime, Hōjō Tsunetoki, Hōjō Tokisada
Ocupação samurai

Hōjō Tokiyori (北条时頼, , 29 de junho de 1227 - 24 de dezembro de 1263) foi o quinto Shikken (regente) do Shogunato Kamakura da História do Japão. Filho de Hōjō Tokiuji e de uma filha de Adachi Kagemori [1].

Tokiyori se tornou Shikken depois da morte de seu irmão Tsunetoki. Logo após a sucessão, esmagou um golpe tramado pelo ex-Shōgun Kujō Yoritsune [1]. No ano seguinte, deixou Adachi Kagemori destruir o poderoso Clã Miura na Batalha de Hochi. Reconheceu a grande sabedoria do irmão de seu avô Hōjō Shigetoki em Kyoto e o nomeou como Rensho. Em 1252, ele substituiu o Shōgun Kujō Yoritsugu pelo Príncipe Munetaka. Tokiyori solidificou com sucesso a base de poder [2].

Tokiyori foi elogiado por sua boa administração. Trabalhou em reformas, escrevendo vários regulamentos. Reduziu serviço dos vassalos na guarda de Kyoto. Empenhou-se para solucionar as crescentes disputas de terra de seus vassalos. Em 1249 criou o sistema jurídico do Hikitsuke ou Tribunal Superior [2].

Em 1252, ele começou a fazer reuniões políticas privadas em sua residência em vez de discutir com o Hyōjō (评定), o Conselho do Shogunato. Em 1256, quando se tornou Bhikkhu (monge budista), transferiu o cargo de Shikken para Hōjō Nagatoki, filho de Shigetoki e o cargo de Tokuso (o chefe do Clã Hōjō) para seu próprio filho Tokimune [3]. Tokiyori continuou a governar de fato, sem qualquer posição oficial. Este é considerado o início da Ditadura Tokuso [2].

Há uma série de lendas sobre as viagens incógnitas de Tokiyori pelo Japão para inspecionar as condições reais e melhorar a vida das pessoas. Morreu em 1263.


Precedido por
Hōjō Tsunetoki		 Shikken
1246–1256		 Sucedido por
Hōjō Nagatoki
Precedido por
Hōjō Tsunetoki		 - Tokusō
1246–1256		 Sucedido por
Hōjō Tokimune


Referências

  1. ↑ a b Louis Frédéric Japan Enciklopedia (em Inglês) Harvard University Press, 2002 pag. 341 ISBN 9780674017535
  2. ↑ a b c George Bailey Sansom A History of Japan to 1334 (em Inglês) Stanford University Press, 1958 pags. 409 a 416 ISBN 9780804705233
  3. ↑ Jeffrey P. Mass The Origins of Japan's Medieval World: Courtiers, Clerics, Warriors, and Peasants in the Fourteenth Century (em Inglês) Stanford University Press, 1997 pags. 82, 83. ISBN 9780804743792

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