Grande escândalo norte-americano dos bondes

O Grande escândalo norte-americano dos bondes se refere à compra e posterior liquidação de várias empresas operadoras de bondes nos Estados Unidos no início do século XX pela empresa National City Lines (NCL), uma sociedade de propósito específico formada por General Motors, Firestone, Standard Oil of California e Phillips Petroleum. O suposto objetivo seria incentivar o uso do automóvel ao reduzir drasticamente a disponibilidade de transporte público.

Referências

  • Adler, Sy "The Transformation of the Pacific Electric Railway: Bradford Snell, Roger Rabbit, and the Politics of Transportation in Los Angeles." Urban Affairs Quarterly, Volume 27, Number 1, 1991.
  • Bottles, Scott L. Los Angeles and the Automobile, University of California Press, 1987. ISBN 0-520-05795-3.
  • Black, Edwin "Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives," especially Chapter 10, St. Martins Press 2006
  • Kunstler, James Howard (1994). The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape. [S.l.]: Free Press. ISBN 0-671-88825-0 
  • Snell, Bradford C. American Ground Transport: A Proposal for Restructuring the Automobile, Truck, Bus and Rail Industries. Report presented to the Committee of the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, United States Senate, February 26, 1974, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1974, pp. 16–24.
  • Slater, Cliff "General Motors and the Demise of Streetcars" published in Transportation Quarterly vol 51, 1997 [1] puts forth the argument that the streetcar was eliminated by the market.
  • Thompson, Gregory Lee (1993). The Passenger Train in the Motor Age: California's Rail and Bus Industries, 1910–1941. [S.l.]: Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH. ISBN 0-814-20609-3 

Ligações externas