Gavial-da-malásia

Gavial-da-malásia
Intervalo temporal:
Tarentiano−Recente
0,1–0 Ma[1]
↓
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Classificação científica edit
Domínio: Eukaryota
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Classe: Reptilia
Ordem: Crocodilia
Família: Gavialidae
Subfamília: Tomistominae
Gênero: Tomistoma
Müller, 1846
Espécies:
T. schlegelii
Nome binomial
Tomistoma schlegelii
(Müller, 1838)
Sinónimos
  • Pseudogavialis schlegelii
Gavial-da-malásia em corpo inteiro deitado sobre areia.
Gavial-da-malásia no Jardim Zoológico de Berlim.
Outros projetos Wikimedia também contêm material sobre este tema:
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Wikispecies Diretório no Wikispecies

O gavial-da-malásia[3] (Tomistoma schlegelii), também conhecido como falso-gavial, é um réptil pertencente à família Gavialidae. A espécie habita apenas cerca de seis sistemas fluviais na Malásia e na ilha de Sumatra. Até recentemente, considerava-se que fazia parte da família Crocodylidae, mas estudos filogenéticos recentes colocam-na na família Gavialidae, juntamente com o Gavial.[4] Tem um focinho muito longo, que faz lembrar o aspecto externo do gavial.

A espécie é considerada vulnerável graças ao perigo de redução do seu habitat.

Taxonomia

A posição taxonómica do gavial-da-malásia é controversa e varia dependendo se se estão a considerar caráteres morfológicos ou moleculares. Análises morfológicas e paleontológicas agrupam o gavial-da-malásia com outros crocodilianos, enquanto que dados moleculares indicam que é uma espécie-irmã do gavial. A separação dos dois gaviais de acordo com os dados moleculares data do Eoceno ou Mioceno médio, enquanto que dados estratigráficos indicam a separação do gavial verdadeiro de outros crocodilianos (incluindo o gavial-da-malásia) como tendo ocorrido no Cretáceo Superior. O longirostro das duas espécies seria um exemplo de convergência evolutiva caso a hipótese morfológica/paleontológica seja verdadeira.[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ Rio, J.P.; Mannion, P.D. (2021). «Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem». PeerJ. 9: e12094. PMC 8428266Acessível livremente. PMID 34567843. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094Acessível livremente  Verifique o valor de |name-list-format=amp (ajuda)
  2. ↑ a b Bezuijen, M.R.; Shwedick, B.; Simpson, B.K.; Staniewicz, A.; Stuebing, R. (2014). «Tomistoma schlegelii». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2014: e.T21981A2780499. Consultado em 22 de janeiro de 2022  Verifique o valor de |name-list-format=amp (ajuda)
  3. ↑ Gavial da Malásia Arquivado em 3 de novembro de 2011, no Wayback Machine. Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. Página acedida em 12 de Abril de 2010.
  4. ↑ Willis, W.R.; McAliley, L.R.; Neeley, E.D.; Densmore III, L. D. (2007). «Evidence for placing the false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) into the family Gavialidae: Inferences from nuclear gene sequences». Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (7): 787-794. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.005 
  5. ↑ Piras, Paolo; Paolo Colangelo, Dean C Adams, Angela Buscalioni, Jorge Cubo, Tassos Kotsakis, Carlo Meloro, Pasquale Raia (1 de novembro de 2010). «The Gavialis–Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships». Evolution & Development. 12 (6): 568-579. ISSN 1525-142X. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00442.x. Consultado em 1 de novembro de 2011 
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