Gaia (sonda espacial)

Gaia
Informações gerais
Origem do nome
Administrador
Tipo de telescópio
observatório espacial
artificial satellite of the Earth (d)
Website

editar - editar código-fonte - editar WikidataDocumentação da predefinição

Gaia é um telescópio espacial da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA) de astrometria, e sucessora da missão Hipparcos. Foi incluído no contexto do programa científico ESA Horizon 2000 Plus à longo prazo em 2000.[1] Arianespace esperava lançar a missão Gaia para a ESA em Março de 2013, [2] usando um foguete Soyuz ST-B com uma estágio superior Fregat-MT.[3] Gaia foi lançado em Kourou, na Guiana Francesa, em 19 de Dezembro de 2013, 09:12 UTC (06:12 hora local). O satélite separou do estágio superior do foguete 43 minutos após o lançamento a 09:54 UTC[4][5]

Objectivos

Gaia vai ser operado em uma órbita de Lissajous em um ponto de Lagrange L2 entre a órbita da Terra ao redor do Sol a uma distância de 1,5 milhões de quilômetros da terra.

A missão Gaia irá compilar um catálogo de aproximadamente um bilhão de estrelas de magnitude até 20. Seus objetivos incluem:[6]

  • Medições astro-métricas (ou posicional), determinando as posições, distâncias e movimentos próprios anual de estrelas com uma precisão de cerca de 20 μas (micro arco-segundos) a 15 mag, e 200 μas a 20 mag
  • Medições espectrofotométricas, proporcionando multi-observações de época de cada objeto detectado
  • Medições de velocidade radial.

Gaia está criando um mapa tridimensional extremamente preciso de estrelas ao longo da nossa Via Láctea e galáxias além, e mapear seus movimentos que codificam a origem e a evolução subsequente da Via Láctea. As medições espectrofotométricas irão fornecer propriedades físicas detalhadas de cada estrela observada, caracterizando a sua luminosidade , temperatura efetiva , gravidade e composição química. Este maciço censo estelar irá fornecer os dados básicos de observação para combater uma ampla gama de problemas importantes relacionados com a origem, estrutura e história evolutiva da nossa Galáxia. Um grande número de quasares, galáxias, planetas extrassolares e objetos do sistema solar serão medidos ao mesmo tempo. Gaia também será capaz de descobrir asteroides com órbitas que se situam entre a Terra e o Sol, uma região que é difícil monitoramento por telescópios terrestres uma vez que está visível no céu apenas durante parte do dia. [7]

Avanços da missão

Em 12 de setembro de 2014, Gaia descobriu sua primeira supernova em outra galáxia.[8] O primeiro catálogo com mais de um bilhão de estrelas foi publicado em 14 de setembro de 2016. Esta foi a maior pesquisa de objetos celestes de todo o céu até a data.[9]

Divulgação de dados

A primeira liberação de dados, Gaia DR1, baseada em 14 meses de observações feitas até setembro de 2015, ocorreu em 13 de Setembro de 2016.[10][11] Os dados desta liberação pode ser acessado no arquivo de Gaia.[12]

Referências

  1. ↑ «Cornerstone Missions». www.esa.int. Consultado em 3 de setembro de 2020 
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ arianespace.com
  4. ↑ Clark, Stephen (19 de dezembro de 2013). «Mission Status Center». Soyuz Launch Report. Spaceflight Now 
  5. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (19 de dezembro de 2013). «BBC News – Gaia 'billion star surveyor' lifts off» 
  6. ↑ «GAIA - Satellite Missions - eoPortal Directory». directory.eoportal.org (em inglês). Consultado em 3 de setembro de 2020 
  7. ↑ ESA Portal - Mapping the Galaxy, and watching our backyard
  8. ↑ GAIA DISCOVERS ITS FIRST SUPERNOVA
  9. ↑ Gaia’s Billion Star Maps Hints at Treasures to Come publicado pela Agência Espacial Europeia (2016)
  10. ↑ Gaia space telescope plots a billion stars, Jonathan Amos, BBC, (2016}
  11. ↑ Gaia's billion-star map hints at treasures to come, "ESA press release" (2016}
  12. ↑ Gaia Archive

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