GW170817

O sinal GW170817 medido pelos detectores de onda gravitacional LIGO e VIRGO.

GW170817 é um sinal de onda gravitacional observado pela colaboração LIGO/Virgo em 17 de agosto de 2017 e é o primeiro evento similar observado simultaneamente em telescópios com uma contraparte eletromagnética.[1] O sinal, que teve uma duração de cerca de 100 segundos, é a primeira detecção da onda gravitacional proveniente da fusão de duas estrelas de nêutrons e foi associado a erupção de raios gama GRB 170817A,[2][3] encontrada em NGC 4993.[4] Nenhum candidato de neutrino consistente com a fonte foi encontrado em pesquisas posteriores.[5][1]

Impacto científico

Este evento é a evidência mais forte para confirmar a hipótese de que as fusões de estrelas binárias estão ligadas a rajadas de raios gama.[1] O evento também fornece um limite na diferença entre a velocidade da luz e a da gravidade. Supondo que os primeiros fótons foram emitidos entre 0 e 10 segundos após o pico da emissão de ondas gravitacionais restringir a diferença entre as velocidades de ondas gravitacionais e eletromagnéticas, vvGW - vEM, entre -3×10−15 e +7×10−16 vezes a velocidade de luz.[6] Além disso, permite a investigação da invariância de Lorentz.[1] Os limites de possíveis violações da invariância de Lorentz (valores de "coeficientes do setor de gravidade") são reduzidos pelas novas observações, em alguns casos por dez ordens de grandeza.[6]

Os sinais de onda gravitacional, como GW170817, podem ser usados ​​como um sinal padrão para fornecer uma medida independente da constante de Hubble.[7]

As observações eletromagnéticas ajudaram a sustentar a teoria de que as fusões de estrelas de nêutrons contribuem para a nucleossíntese do processo r.[8]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d Abbott, B. P.; et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration) (16 de outubro de 2017). «GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral». Physical Review Letters. 119 (16). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.161101 
  2. ↑ Overbye, Dennis (16 de outubro de 2017). «LIGO Detects Fierce Collision of Neutron Stars for the First Time». The New York Times. Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2017 
  3. ↑ Krieger, Lisa M. (16 de outubro de 2017). «A Bright Light Seen Across The Universe, Proving Einstein Right - Violent collisions source of our gold, silver». The Mercury News. Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2017 
  4. ↑ Cho, Adrian (16 de outubro de 2017). «Merging neutron stars generate gravitational waves and a celestial light show». Science (magazine). Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2017 
  5. ↑ Abbott, B. P.; et al. (LIGO, Virgo and others collaboration) (16 de outubro de 2017). «Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger». The Astrophysical Journal. 848 (L12). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9 
  6. ↑ a b Abbott, B. P.; et al. (2017). «Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A». The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 848 (2): 1–13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c 
  7. ↑ Abbott, B. P.; et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration) (16 de outubro de 2017). «A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant». Nature. doi:10.1038/nature24471 
  8. ↑ Drout, M. R.; et al. (2017). «Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis». Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaq0049 

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