Gânglio nervoso


Gânglio nervoso

Um gânglio da raiz dorsal de um embrião de galinha (por volta do estágio do dia 7) após incubação durante a noite em meio de crescimento com NGF, corado com anticorpo anti-neurofilamento.
Identificadores
Latim ganglios
MeSH D005724
Dorlands/Elsevier ]

Gânglios nervosos são uma estrutura do sistema nervoso responsável por transmitir sinais do sistema nervoso central aos nervos periféricos. São divididos entre gânglios autônomos e sensitivos e se localizam fora do sistema nervoso central. Dentro do sistema nervoso central, estes aglomerados são conhecidos como núcleos.[1]

Definição

Gânglios nervosos são aglomerados de corpos celulares de neurônios que funcionam como centros de transmissão de sinais entre o sistema nervoso central e os nervos periféricos, localizando-se fora do sistema nervoso central e próximos aos órgãos de destino, ao longo da medula espinal e no sistema nervoso autônomo.[2]

Gânglios autônomos

Quando o sistema nervoso central (cérebro ou medula espinal) envia um comando para algum órgão, a mensagem é levada até o gânglio autônomo por neurônios revestidos com bainha de mielina, chamados neurônios pré-ganglionares. Após receber a mensagem, o gânglio transmite a informação para outros neurônios que não possuem bainha de mielina e que são responsáveis por repassar o comando para o órgão de destino, chamados neurônios pós-ganglionares.[3]

Os gânglios simpáticos ficam próximos à medula espinhal e por isso seus neurônios pré-ganglionares são curtos, ao passo que os neurônios pós-ganglionares são longos devido à distância até as células de destino. Dividem-se entre os gânglios paravertebrais, organizados em duas cadeias paralelas ao longo da coluna vertebral, e os gânglios pré-vertebrais, localizados na cavidade abdominal. Os gânglios parassimpáticos estão situados perto ou dentro dos órgãos de destino, fazendo com que seus neurônios pré-ganglionares sejam muito mais longos que os neurônios pós-ganglionares.[3]

Gânglios sensitivos ou sensoriais

Os gânglios sensitivos ou sensoriais reúnem neurônios que levam informações dos receptores sensoriais (pele, músculo e outros órgãos) até o sistema nervoso central.[4] Localizam-se "na raiz dorsal dos nervos espinais e nos nervos cranianos trigêmeo, facial, glossofaríngeo e vago".[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ Dangelo, J.G.; Fattini, C.A. (2004). Anatomia humana sistêmica e segmentar - para o estudante de medicina. 2 ed. [S.l.]: Atheneu 
  2. ↑ Preston & Wilson 2014, pp. 77-79.
  3. ↑ a b Preston & Wilson 2014, p. 79.
  4. ↑ Neves 2018, p. 14.
  5. ↑ Ribeiro, L.F.C.; De Quadros, Â.A.G; Lima, B.; Brancalhão, R.M.C.; Kunz, R.I. «Gânglios». Unioeste. Consultado em 28 de junho de 2024 

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