Função de consumo

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Em economia, a função de consumo é uma função matemática que expressa o consumo das famílias. Foi desenvolvida por John Maynard Keynes e descrita na sua magnum opus A Teoria Geral do Emprego, do Juro e da Moeda. A função é usada para calcular o consumo privado de uma economia, e é composta pelo consumo autônomo e o consumo induzido pelo rendimento.

Uma função de consumo simples linear:

C={\overline {C}}+cY_{d}

Onde:

C = Consumo,
${\overline {C}}$ = consumo autónomo
c é a propensão marginal a consumir (0 < c < 1), e,
Y_d = rendimento disponível (rendimento após impostos e transferências, Y - T + TR).

O consumo autônomo representa o consumo quando o rendimento é zero. Em modelos, o valor tanto pode ser positivo como negativo. A propensão marginal a consumir indica o quanto varia o consumo induzido, quando o rendimento varia. Em termos geométricos, o c é o declive da recta da função de consumo linear. O c varia entre ]0,1[, o que significa que o consumo aumenta quando o rendimento aumenta, e o inverso também, mas num montante inferior ao do rendimento, por a propensão ser inferior a um.

A função de consumo keynesiana também é conhecida como hipótese do rendimento absoluto, uma vez que o consumo depende apenas do rendimento corrente e ignora rendimento futuro potencial. Face a esta crítica, Milton Friedman desenvolveu a hipótese do rendimento permanente e Franco Modigliani respondeu com a teoria do ciclo de vida.

Determinantes do consumo no modelo Keynesiano Simpes

v d e Teoria do Consumidor
Temas	Consumo Consumo autônomo Consumo conspícuo Consumo induzido Consumo intertemporal Consumo sustentável Consumismo
Teorias	Função de consumo Hipótese da renda permanente Hipótese de caminhada aleatória Hipótese de renda relativa Hipótese do rendimento absoluto Homo economicus Lei da oferta e da procura Modelo de passeio aleatório de consumo Propensão marginal a consumir Teoria da cultura do consumidor Teoria do ciclo de vida
Atributos	Confiança do consumidor Confusão do consumidor Etnocentrismo do consumidor Socialização do consumidor Risco do consumidor
Processos	Atendimento ao consumidor Comportamento do consumidor Consumer-to-business Cooperativa de consumidores Defesa do consumidor Dívida do consumidor Economia do consumidor Gasto do consumidor Factory-to-consumer Neurociência do consumidor
Conceitos	Anticonsumismo Bem de consumo Ciclo de vida do produto Consumerização Consumidor cultural Consumo responsável Cultura de massa Despesas de consumo final Indústria cultural Livre-arbítrio Mercado consumidor Obsolescência programada Obsolescência Pesquisa de marketing Recompensa diferida
Geral	Lista dos maiores mercados consumidores
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