Função de embaralhamento criptográfico

Redireciona para:

Uma função criptográfica de embaralhamento (especificamente, SHA-1) funcionando. Note que mesmo pequenas mudanças no código-fonte alteram drasticamente a saída do resultado, pelo chamado efeito avalanche.

A Função de embaralhamento criptográfico é uma procedimento determinístico que leva a um bloco arbitrário de dados e devolve uma cadeia de caracteres de bits com tamanho fixo, o valor (criptográfico) de embaralhamento, de tal forma que uma mudança acidental ou intencional de dados irá alterar o valor do embaralhamento. Os dados a serem codificados muitas vezes são chamados de "mensagem", e o valor de embaralhamento é chamado às vezes de a resumo da mensagem ou simplesmente resumo.

Aplicações

Verificação da integridade de arquivos ou mensagens

Uma aplicação importante desse embaralhamento é verificar a integridade de mensagens. Determinando qualquer mudança feita numa mensagem, ou então arquivo de computador. Por exemplo, pode ser feito comparando o resumo calculado antes, e depois a transmissão, ou qualquer outro evento.

Por essa razão, a maior parte dos algoritmos de assinatura digital apenas confirma a autenticidade de um hash resumo para ser autenticado. Verificação da autenticidade de um resumo hash é considerada como prova de que a mensagem é verdadeira.

Verificação de senha pode ser feita dessa maneira. Senhas não são usualmente armazenadas em texto plano, por razões óbvias, mas salvas na forma de resumo. Para autenticar um usuário, a senha passa é criptografada, então o hash gerado é comparado com o hash da senha correta. Assim a senha verdadeira não é exposta, nem mesmo para o software

Veja também

Referências

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