Fredegunda

Fredegunda
Rainha da Nêustria
Fredegunda
Morte 597
Sepultado em Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris
Basílica de Saint-Denis, Paris (reenterro)
Marido Quilperico I
Descendência Rigunda
Clodoberto
Sansão
Dagoberto
Teodorico
Clotário II
Dinastia Merovíngia (por casamento)

Fredegunda (em latim: Fredegundis, em francês: Fredegonde; m. 597) foi rainha consorte de Quilperico I, um rei franco da dinastia merovíngia que reinou na Nêustria (Soissons).

Era uma serva do palácio[1] e foi amante do rei antes de desposá-lo em 568 e tornar-se rainha, depois de mandar assassinar a rainha anterior, Galsuinta. Isso atraiu a ira de Brunilda, irmã da morta, que era casada com Sigeberto I, rei da Austrásia e irmão de Quilperico, desencadeando uma guerra.[2] Quando Quilperico estava a ponto de ser vencido, Fredegunda conseguiu que matassem Sigeberto, mas um cronista da época alega que mais tarde envenenou o marido quando ele descobriu que ela mantinha um amante. Com o rei foi mãe de vários filhos: Teodorico, Clodoberto, Sansão, Dagoberto, Rigunda e Clotário. Após a morte de Quilperico em 584 sua posição se tornou frágil, mas conseguiu que Clotário fosse confirmado na sucessão ao trono, enfrentando uma grande oposição de nobres e prelados, e assumiu a regência do reino durante sua minoridade, até ela falecer em 597.[1][3]

Gregório de Tours a descreve nos piores termos, como autora de uma série de atrocidades e vilanias e como mandante do assassinato, entre muitos outros, de dois enteados e do bispo de Ruão, mas seu relato neste aspecto não é muito confiável.[2] O que parece mais certo é que ela se esforçou por proteger os interesses do marido e sustentá-lo no poder contra uma série de intrigas e complôs de nobres e prelados, incluindo revoltas dos enteados Cloderico e Meroveu, mas também trabalhou ativamente para garantir os interesses de seus próprios filhos, especialmente Clotário, em detrimento dos meio-irmãos deles. Para Michael Frassetto, "seus esforços de assegurar o poder para si mesma e seu filho se provaram bem sucedidos, e ela eventualmente triunfou sobre sua rival Brunilda postumamente, quando Clotário a depôs e mandou executar em 613. Sua carreira, assim, demonstra as oportunidades que os costumes de casamento entre os merovíngios ofereciam para mulheres ambiciosas e também revela a importância da família, especialmente dos filhos, para as rainhas merovíngias".[3]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl. Women rulers throughout the ages: an illustrated guide. ABC-CLIO, 1999, pp. 150-151
  2. ↑ a b Settipani, Christian. Les Ancêtres de Charlemagne. 2.e ed. révue et corrigée. Oxford: Prosopographica et Genealogica, 2014, pp. 201-202
  3. ↑ a b Frassetto, Michael. Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. ABC-CLIO, 2003, pp. 167-169
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