Francos ripuários

Os francos ripuários eram uma confederação de tribos de origem franca que habitava a margem direita do Médio Reno durante a época romana.

Reconstrução da Colônia romana, capital dos Fracos ripuários

Etimologia

O termo "ripuário" advém do latim medieval ripuarii, orum, referente àquelas tribos, e este do latim ripa, ae, "margem de rio", através do francês ripuaires.[1]

A palavra é empregada para distinguir os francos ripuários, que viviam à margem do Médio Reno, dos francos sálios (os "francos do Sal", isto é, do rio hoje conhecido como Issel,[2] ou "do mar salgado"[3]), que se haviam instalado perto da foz do Reno.

A primeira referência obscura aos ripuários é atribuída a Jordanes,[2] historiador dos godos, na sua obra Gética, de cerca de551, que inclui os ripários entre os aliados de Flávio Aécio na batalha dos Campos Cataláunicos:

"Hi enim affuerunt auxiliares: Franci, Sarmatae, Armoriciani, Liticiani, Burgundiones, Saxones, Riparii, Olibriones…"[4]

Cultura

Esta confederação de tribos falava a língua ripuária, integrante dos dialetos francônios centrais (juntamente com o luxemburguês e o francônio do Mosela).

As suas mitologia e religião eram de origem germânica, com crenças politeístas que floresceram entre os francos até a conversão de Clóvis ao cristianismo, após o quê o paganismo minguou lentamente.

História

Os ripuários provavelmente integravam o exército franco que foi derrotado pelo Imperador Maximiano (250-310) em batalha, em Tréveris. Começaram a habitar as regiões de Andernach, Reno abaixo, ao longo do século V e apoderaram-se de Colônia, onde dominaram a margem esquerda daquele rio na área conhecida como Germânia Secunda.[5] Também avançaram sobre a Bélgica Secunda até o rio Mosela, mas não tomaram a cidade de Tréveris.[5]

Os ripuários aparecem na história escrita na primeira metade do século VII, quando receberam as Leis Ripuárias (Lex Ripuaria) das mãos dos francos sálios.[6]

Referências

  • Chisholm, Hugh (1910). Franks, In The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, V. 11, pp. 35–36.[1]
  • Jordanes (ca. 551). Gética, v. 191. Tradução online acessada em 1 de novembro de 2007.[2]
  • Perry, Walter Copland. (1857) The Franks, from Their First Appearance in History to the Death of King Pepin. Longman, Brown, Green: 1857.
  • Rivers, Theodore John. (1986) Laws of the Salian and Ripuarian Franks. New York: AMS Press, 1986.
  • France: Early Frankish Period, In Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 119. Acessado em 1 de novembro de 2007, de Encyclopædia Britannica Online.[3]

Notas

  1. ↑ Dicionários Houaiss e Aurélio, verbete "ripuário".
  2. ↑ a b Perry 1857:48.
  3. ↑ Chisholm 1910:35.
  4. ↑ Gética, Jordanes v.191.
  5. ↑ a b Perry 1857:54; Encyclopædia Britannica, Online 2007:119.
  6. ↑ Rivers 1986:_?.
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