Família nuclear

Uma família nuclear norte-americana composta por mãe, pai e filhos, 1955

Família nuclear é um termo usado para definir um grupo familiar composto por um casal de adultos que devido a relações sexuais ocorridas e correntes entre o par que se uniu por relações, as mais diversas possíveis (a nível físico, psíquico, emocional, espiritual, social, político, entre outras, se houver), e que permitiu o surgimento dos parentes de primeiro grau e seus filhos.[1][2]

Contrasta com a família monoparental, a família extensa ou estendida (composta por avós, tios, primos e netos[3]) e a família com mais de dois pais. As famílias nucleares se referem a um casal;[2] e pode ter qualquer número de crianças. Existem diferenças na definição entre observadores; algumas definições permite apenas filhos biológicos, ou seja, que são irmãos de sangue,[4] enquanto outros permitem um padrasto e qualquer mistura de filhos dependentes, incluindo enteados e filhos adotivos.[5][6]

Historicamente, a família nuclear tem sido a unidade familiar predominante na sociedade ocidental.[7]

As estruturas familiares de um casal e seus filhos estiveram presentes na Europa Ocidental e na Nova Inglaterra, no século XVII, influenciada pela igreja e por governos teocráticos.[8] Com o surgimento da Proto-industrialização e o início do capitalismo, a família nuclear tornou-se uma unidade social financeiramente viável.[9] O termo família nuclear apareceu pela primeira vez no início do século XX. Definições alternativas evoluíram para incluir unidades familiares chefiadas por pais do mesmo sexo,[2] e familiares adultos talvez adicionais que assumem um papel de coabitação parental;[10] neste último caso, também recebe o nome de família conjugal.[2]

Referências

  1. ↑ David Fontana. Psicologia para professores. Loyola. p. 36. ISBN 978-85-15-01684-6.
  2. ↑ a b c d Encyclopædia Britannica Online (2011). «Nuclear family». Encyclopædia Britannica. Consultado em 7 de novembro de 2014 
  3. ↑ https://lfg.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/2072394/o-que-se-entende-por-familia-extensa-aurea-maria-ferraz-de-sousa
  4. ↑ Living Arrangements of Children
  5. ↑ William Haviland; Harald Prins; Dana Walrath; Bunny McBride (2007). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge. Cengage Learning. p. 219. ISBN 0-495-09561-3.
  6. ↑ Family Structure and Children’s Health in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey, 2001–2007
  7. ↑ David K. Eiteman; Arthur I. Stonehill; Michael H. Moffett (1 January 2013). Desenvolvimento Humano - 12ed. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-85-8055-217-1.
  8. ↑ James M. Volo; Dorothy Denneen Volo (2006). Family Life in 17th- and 18th-century America. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-313-33199-2.
  9. ↑ Jerry H. Bentley; Herbert F. Ziegler; Heather E. Streets (2006). Traditions and Encounters: A Brief Global History, Volume II: from 1500 to the Present. McGraw Hill Higher Education. ISBN 978-0-07-320703-2.
  10. ↑ "A rigor, uma família nuclear ou elementar ou conjugal consiste meramente de pais e filhos, ainda que muitas vezes inclui um ou dois outros parentes, bem como, por exemplo, um pai ou mãe viúva ou irmão solteiro de um ou outro cônjuge".
    Sloan Work and Family Research Network, ciatndo Parkin, R. (1997). Kinship: An introduction to basic concepts. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

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