Faiçal II do Iraque

Faiçal II
Faiçal II do Iraque
Rei do Iraque
Reinado 4 de abril de 1939
a 19 de julho de 1958
Coroação 2 de junho de 1953
Antecesor Gazi I
Sucessor Monarquia abolida
Regente Príncipe Abd al-Ellah
Nascimento 2 de maio de 1935
  Bagdá, Reino do Iraque
Morte 14 de julho de 1958 (23 anos)
  Bagdá, Federação Árabe
Sepultado em Mausoléu Real, Adamia
Nome completo  
Faisal bin Ghazi bin Faisal bin Hussein bin Ali
Casa Haxemita
Pai Gazi I do Iraque
Mãe Aliya bint Ali de Hejaz
Religião Sunismo
Brasão
Faiçal II em um selo iraquiano

Faiçal II (em árabe: الملك فيصل الثاني; Bagdá, 2 de maio de 1935 – Bagdá, 14 de julho de 1958), foi o último Rei do Iraque de 4 de abril de 1939 até julho de 1958, quando foi morto durante a Revolução de 14 de julho. Este regicídio marcou o fim da monarquia haxemita de trinta e sete anos no Iraque, que então se tornou uma república.[1][2]

Vida

Foi o filho do segundo rei do Iraque, Gazi, que morreu em um acidente de automóvel quando Faiçal tinha três anos de idade. Durante a maior parte do seu reinado, o seu tio Abdul Ilá foi quem governou como regente (até 1953, com a maioridade de Faiçal).[1][2]

Na juventude, Faiçal frequentou o Harrow School no Reino Unido, juntamente com o seu primo, o rei Hussein da Jordânia. Os dois jovens eram amigos e segundo se diz, planejaram mesmo unir seus dois reinos para contrariar aquilo que eles consideravam ser a ameaça do nacionalismo pan-árabe.[1][2]

Após a vizinha Síria se ter juntado ao Egito de Nasser na República Árabe Unida, os dois reinados uniram-se em Fevereiro de 1958. Faiçal, como o membro mais velho da família Hachemita, tornou-se o líder da nova Federação Árabe do Iraque e Jordânia.[1][2]

O plano fracassou, com Hussein requerendo a assistência militar iraquiana e com o exército iraquiano, sob o comando de Cacim e Salim Arife marchando sobre Bagdade para proclamar a república. Apesar de lhe ter sido prometida a saída para o exílio, o exército executou o jovem rei e seus familiares que o acompanhavam.[1][2]

Referências

  1. a b c d e Jones, Barry (2021). Dictionary of World Biography (em inglês) 8ª ed. Camberra: ANU Press. p. 296. ISBN 9781760464677 
  2. a b c d e Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History (em inglês). Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 354 

Precedido por
Gazi
Rei do Iraque
1939-1958
Sucedido por
Zeid
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