Estereopsia

Esquema Ocular

Estereopsia - Visão estéreo.
Na visão binocular a imagem é captada pelos olhos individualmente e transmitidas ao cérebro, que deve ser capaz de medir essas diferenças e fundi-las, resultando em uma visão estéreo ou estereopsia.
A visão binocular dá a sensação espacial das imagens, com diferenças proporcionais à profundidade relativa aos objetos no campo visual, e ainda que vejamos duas imagens de um mesmo objeto (uma por meio de cada olho) percebemos apenas uma.
No dia-a-dia esta sensação espacial, chamada estereopsia, é imprescindível para a orientação quanto a distância dos objetos para se movimentar sem bater nos móveis e objetos em casa, por exemplo.


Foco Ocular


As imagens colhidas pelos dois olhos (visão binocular), para que funcionem em uma só, deverão ter o ponto alinhados e capazes de enxergar imagens semelhantes (funcionalmente homólogo das duas retinas). Quando isso não ocorre, passa-se a ter visão duplicada dos objetos (diplopia).
Existem várias situações em que se pode perder esta capacidade de visão binocular, entre as quais se encontram: estrabismos (desvio ocular), perda visual severa de um dos olhos (trauma, doenças oculares etc.), diferença muito grande entre o “grau” de cada olho (anisometropia), doenças neurológicas como paralisias etc.

A visão é um dos mais importantes sentidos para um desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo normal no ser humano. O desenvolvimento motor e a capacidade de comunicação ficam prejudicados com uma deficiência visual.


Há vários dispositivos de visualização que se aproveitavam da estereopsia para criar ilusões de profundidade em imagens de paisagens, monumentos arquitetônicos etc. As obras do artista holandês Maurits Cornelis Escher (1898-1972) são um bom exemplo da estereopsia aplicada às artes gráficas.


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