Estatística quântica

Uma estatística quantica, no contexto da mecânica quântica e no da mecânica estatística, é a descrição de como a energia de cada um dos entes unitários constituintes de um ensemble está distribuida, dada uma energia total E constante, sob a restrição de que:

  1. a energia passa a ser quantizada;
  2. as partículas objeto de estudo passam a ser indistinguíveis.

Isso é feito expressando-se as probabilidades relativas de uma partícula com energia

De modo clássico, a probabilidade é dada por:

onde

é a chamada função de partição

Nos casos quanticos, o que muda é a questão da quantização do espaço de fase, o que impõe um "volume" mínimo de célula possível nesse espaço.

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre física é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

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