Empresário em nome individual

Em Portugal, o empresário em nome individual é aquela pessoa que opta por se dedicar a uma atividade industrial, comercial ou de prestação de serviços, por sua conta e risco sem a companhia de outras pessoas na assunção desse mesmo risco.

Na maior parte dos casos o empresário em nome individual gere a pequena empresa que criou e onde empregou um ou dois trabalhadores, muitas vezes seus familiares; porém há situações de empresários deste tipo que com o decorrer dos anos e dos negócios conseguem construir empresas poderosas e sólidas no mercado.[1]

Vantagens e desvantagens

O registo de uma denominação comercial para um empresário individual não é normalmente difícil, a menos que se trate de escolher um nome fictício ou inventado.[2][3][4] Em muitos países, o proprietário da empresa deve registar-se junto das autoridades locais competentes, que determinarão se o nome reclamado é uma duplicação de outra empresa.[5][6]

O proprietário pode contratar empregados e recorrer a consultores independentes. Embora um proprietário possa pedir a um empregado ou consultor que realize um projeto específico ou participe no processo de tomada de decisões da empresa, o seu contributo para um projeto ou decisão é considerado uma recomendação nos termos da lei.[7] De acordo com a doutrina jurídica do respondeat superior (latim. ou seja, "que o proprietário seja responsável"), a responsabilidade legal por qualquer decisão empresarial tomada com base nessa contribuição recai sobre o proprietário e não pode ser retirada ou repartida.[8][9]

Este facto deve-se à responsabilidade ilimitada que é imposta a uma empresa em nome individual. O proprietário é financeiramente responsável por todas as dívidas e/ou perdas incorridas pela empresa, até e incluindo a utilização de activos pessoais ou outros para pagar quaisquer responsabilidades pendentes.[10][11][12] Assim, um empresário independente pode ser obrigado a utilizar os seus bens pessoais, como um automóvel, para pagar as suas dívidas. O proprietário é o único responsável por todas as actividades comerciais conduzidas pelo empresário em nome individual e, consequentemente, tem direito ao controlo total e a todas as receitas associadas.[13]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Instituto de Apoio às Pequenas e Médias Empresas e à Inovação, IAPME: Constituição de Empresa/Empresário em Nome Individual». iapmei.pt. 2011. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2011 
  2. ↑ «How To Start A Sole Proprietorship». www.forbes.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  3. ↑ «What Is a Fictitious Name?». www.corpnet.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  4. ↑ «What Is a Sole Proprietorship?». www.investopedia.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  5. ↑ «Can I Start a Business Without Registering It?». www.upcounsel.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  6. ↑ «Registers of beneficial owners in different countries». www.uniwide.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  7. ↑ «Resolving Problems and Disputes on Construction Projects: Tackling Contract Performance Delays». www.lorman.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  8. ↑ «What Is A Sole Proprietorship?». www.forbes.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  9. ↑ «What Is a Sole Proprietorship? – Advantages & Disadvantages». llcbuddy.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  10. ↑ «Sole Proprietorship». www.financestrategists.com. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  11. ↑ «When should I incorporate from sole proprietor to incorporation in Canada?». 786vcpa.ca. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  12. ↑ «What is a Sole Proprietorship?». www.justinwelsh.me. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
  13. ↑ «What is true of a sole proprietorship?». angolatransparency.blog. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2024 
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