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Eleições presidenciais no Chile em 1970

Eleição presidencial no Chile em 1970
  1964 ←  → 1989
4 de setembro de 1970
Candidato Salvador Allende Jorge Alessandri Radomiro Tomic
Partido PS Independente PDC
Votos 1.075.616 1.036.278 824.849
Porcentagem 36,63 % 35,29% 28,08 %

resultados por comuna

A eleição presidencial no Chile em 1970 foi realizada em dois turnos; um direto e outro indireto. O candidato do Partido Socialista, Salvador Allende, obteve uma maioria estreita (36,6% dos votos) no pleito de 4 de setembro. Por não ter obtido a maioria absoluta dos votos, sua eleição exigiu um segundo turno, realizado em 24 de outubro, no qual os membros do Congresso Nacional decidiriam se ele ou o segundo candidato mais votado iria tomar posse, de acordo com a Constituição de 1925, então vigente no país.

Mais de 150 parlamentares (78,46% do Congresso) votaram a favor de Allende.[1]

Campanha

Tanto a CIA quanto a KGB gastaram significativa quantia de dinheiro para influenciar o resultado da eleição[2]. A CIA, entretanto, não forneceu dinheiro para nenhum candidato, como havia feito durante o pleito de 1964; ao contrário, se focou em propaganda antiAllende, gastando cerca de 425.000 dólares. O dinheiro foi utilizado em uma "campanha de medo" composta por pôsteres e panfletos ligando a vitória de Allende com a violência e a repressão vigentes na União Soviética[2]. Editoriais e reportagens reforçando esta comparação foram escritos sob orientação da CIA e publicados em jornais como o El Mercurio e disseminados pela mídia nacional. A meta era contribuir com a polarização política e pânico financeiro do período. Além da propaganda, a CIA também tentou causar um racha no Partido Radical, para que se afastasse da coalizão da Unidade Popular.[3][4] A campanha da CIA foi muito ineficiente. O diretor da CIA à época, Richard Helms, queixou-se de que a Casa Branca ordenou que ele "derrotasse alguém com nada".[2]

Os gastos com a verba da KGB foram mais precisos. Allende pediu dinheiro soviético a seu contato pessoal na KGB, o agente Svyatoslav Kuznetsov, que saiu da Cidade do México em direção ao Chile com urgência para ajudá-lo. A quantia inicial de dinheiro que a KGB enviou para estas eleições foi de US$400.000, além de subsídio adicional de 50.000 dólares[2]. Acredita-se que a ajuda da KGB foi um fator decisivo, uma vez que Allende venceu o pleito por uma margem apertada de 39 mil votos (em um total de 3 milhões). Após as eleições, o então diretor da KGB, Yuri Andropov obteve permissão do Comitê Central do Partido Comunista da União Soviética para que fosse enviado uma quantia adicional a fim de garantir a vitória de Allende no Congresso. Em seu pedido, em 24 de outubro, afirmou que a KGB "realizará as medidas destinadas a promover a consolidação da vitória de Allende e sua eleição ao posto de Presidente do país".[2]

Após a vitória de Allende, o então presidente estadunidense, Richard Nixon, teria ficado enfurecido com o fracasso das ações secretas da CIA.[2]

Resultado

Votação popular

Candidato Partido/Coalizão Votos % Resultado

Salvador Allende
Unidade Popular (PS PCC,PR,PSD,MAPU,API,USOPO) 1.075.616 36,63% Decisão no Congresso

Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez
Independente (PN,DR) 1.036.278 35,29% Decisão no Congresso

Radomiro Tomic
Partido Democrata Cristão(PDC,PDN) 824.849 28,09%
Total de votos válidos 2.936.743 100,00%
Votos em branco 7.861 0,27%
Votos nulos 18.139 0,61%
Total de votos 2.962.743 100,00%
Eleitores registrados 3.539.747 83,70% de participação

Votação no Congresso

Candidato Partido/Coalizão Votos % Resultado

Salvador Allende
Unidade Popular 153 78,46% Eleito

Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez
Partido Nacional 35 17,95%
Votos em branco 7 3,59%
Total de votos 195 100,00%
Eleitores ausentes 5 2,50%
Eleitores 200 97,50% de participação
Fonte:[1]

Referências

  1. a b «1970: Allende é eleito presidente do Chile em votação no Congresso». Folha de S.Paulo. 24 de outubro de 2020. Consultado em 17 de maio de 2023 
  2. a b c d e f Mitrokhin, Vasili e Andrew, Christopher. The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World, Basic Books (2005), 677 págs ISBN 0-465-00311-7, págs 69-88.
  3. Church Report (Covert Action in Chile 1963-1973), Senado dos Estados Unidos, Church Committee, 1975
  4. «CIA Activities in Chile». Consultado em 9 de dezembro de 2009. Arquivado do original em 12 de dezembro de 2006 

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