Eleição presidencial no Afeganistão em 2004

A eleição presidencial afegã de 2004 foi realizada em 9 de outubro daquele ano.

Hamid Karzai venceu as eleições com 55,4% dos votos e três vezes mais votos do que qualquer outro candidato. Doze candidatos receberam menos de 1% dos votos. Estima-se que mais de três quartos dos cerca de 12 milhões de eleitores registrados no Afeganistão votaram. A eleição foi supervisionada pelo Órgão de Gestão Conjunta Eleitoral, presidida por Zakim Shah e vice-presidida por Ray Kennedy, um funcionário estadunidense para as Nações Unidas.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Controvérsias

Todos os candidatos, exceto Karzai, Gailani e Aarian, declararam publicamente que estavam boicotando a votação e ignorariam o resultados - unindo efetivamente os diferentes opositores de Karzai.[7][8] Dois dos principais candidatos da oposição, o líder hazara Mohammed Mohaqeq e o general uzbeque Abdul Rashid Dostum, logo declararam que não tinham aderido ao boicote.

Depois que algumas acusações de fraude circularam no dia da eleição, pelo menos quinze candidatos declararam que estavam boicotando a votação, e como resposta, a ONU anunciou que iria criar um painel independente de três pessoas para investigar as acusações de irregularidades.[9] O painel incluiu um ex-diplomata canadense, um especialista eleitoral sueco, e um terceiro membro mais tarde nomeado pela União Europeia.

Uma fraude significativa ocorreu na eleição presidencial de 2004, apesar de não atrair o nível de atenção internacional como a fraude na eleição presidencial de 2009.[10][11]

No dia da eleição houve várias reclamações de que a tinta usada para marcar os eleitores poderia ser facilmente removida e que isso havia resultado em votação múltipla,[12] bem como casos isolados de intimidação e campanha nos centros de votação.[7][13]

Em setembro de 2009, Hamid Karzai, minimizando a importância das fraudes na eleição presidencial de 2009, disse que "houve fraude em 2004" também.[14] Em 3 de setembro de 2009, quando os enviados dos Estados Unidos, Grã-Bretanha, França, Alemanha e outras nações ocidentais se reuniram em Paris para discutir a recente eleição afegã, o representante especial da ONU no Afeganistão, Kai Eide, afirmou que as eleições presidenciais de 2009, amplamente caracterizadas por fraude desenfreada e intimidação "foi uma eleição melhor do que há cinco anos". [11][15]

Os rebeldes leais à antiga liderança Taliban haviam prometido perturbar as eleições,[8] acusando os Estados Unidos de se moverem para dominar a região.

Resultados

Posse do presidente Hamid Karzai em 7 de dezembro de 2004, após vencer a eleição presidencial.
e • d Síntese dos resultados da eleição presidencial de 9 de Outubro de 2004 no Afeganistão
Candidatos Indicação do partido/Partido Etnia Votos %
Hamid Karzai Independente Pashtun 4,443,029 55.4%
Yunus Qanuni Partido Novo Afeganistão Tajique 1,306,503 16.3%
Mohammed Mohaqiq Independente/PIUPA Hazara 935,325 11.7%
Abdul Rashid Dostum Independente/Movimento Islâmico Nacional Uzbeque 804,861 10.0%
Abdul Latif Pedram Partido do Congresso Nacional Tajique 110,160 1.4%
Massouda Jalal Independente Tajique 91,415 1.1%
Sayed Ashaq Gailani Movimento Nacional de Solidariedade Pashtun 80,081 1.0%
Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai Independente/Movimento Revolucionário Islâmico Pashtun 60,199 0.8%
Abdul Satar Sirat Independente Uzbeque 30,201 0.4%
Hamyon Shah Aasifi Independente/Partido de Unidade Nacional Pashtun 26,224 0.3%
Ghulam Farooq Nejrabi Partido da Independência Afegã Tajique 24,232 0.3%
Sayed Abdul Hadi Dabir Independente Tajique 24,057 0.3%
Abdul Hafiz Mansoor Independente/Jamiat-e Islami Tajique 19,728 0.2%
Abdul Hadi Khalilzai Independente Pashtun 18,082 0.2%
Mir Mahfuz Nedahi Independente Pashtun 16,054 0.2%
Mohammed Ibrahim Rashid Independente Pashtun 14,242 0.2%
Wakil Mangal Independente Pashtun 11,770 0.1%
Abdul Hasib Aarian Independente Tajique 8,373 0.1%
Total de votos válidos (comparecimento de 70%) 8,024,536 100.0%
Votos nulos 104,404
Total de Votos 8,128,940

Notas:

  • Votos inválidos representaram 1,3% do total de votos.
  • Vários candidatos foram listados na cédula como independentes, apesar da filiação reconhecida aos partidos políticos ou grupos (indicados entre parênteses).
  • Os candidatos marcados com um asterisco endossaram Hamid Karzai em 6 de outubro, o último dia de campanha; os seus nomes permaneceram na cédula.
  • Havia uma candidata do sexo feminino (Massouda Jalal).
  • As cédulas foram todas contadas manualmente.
  • 70% dos eleitores registrados votaram.


Referências

  1. Andrew North (24 de julho de 2004). «Afghan candidate list published». BBC News. Zakim Shah, the chairman of the joint electoral management body, said 23 people had met the Monday deadline to register for the October poll. 
  2. Afzal Khan (11 de julho de 2004). «Afghanistan Postpones Elections For All The Wrong Reasons». 1 (49). Eurasia Daily Monitor 
  3. Simon Jeffreys (11 de agosto de 2004). «Rumsfeld visits Afghanistan for talks». The Guardian 
  4. «Afghan presidential poll on October 9». Daily Times (Pakistan). 10 de julho de 2004. But parliamentary polls, which were meant to have been held at the same time, will be delayed until April, Zakim Shah, the chairman of the Joint Electoral Management Body (JEMB), said in an announcement on state-run Kabul TV. 
  5. «18 out of 23 candidates qualified for Afghan presidential race». Xinhua. 10 de agosto de 2004 
  6. Adam Jay (3 de novembro de 2004). «Karzai confirmed as Afghan president». The Guardian 
  7. a b Afghan Election Disputed - Washington Post
  8. a b «Afghan vote boycott 'crumbling'». BBC News 
  9. «Boycott row hits Afghan election over fraud claims». The Guardian. 10 de outubro de 2004 
  10. Afghanistan's Troubled Election
  11. a b Western envoys: Expect run-off in Afghanistan election
  12. «Afghan election ends in confusion after boycott». ABC News. 10 de outubro de 2004 
  13. Afghanistan’s Flawed Elections: Not All Karzai’s Fault - The Diplomat
  14. Karzai says United States wants to manipulate him
  15. Wave of Attacks Engulfs Afghanistan

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