Edafologia

Edafologia (em grego clássico: ἔδαφος, edaphos, "terra",-λογία, -logia) é uma ciência que está preocupada com a influência dos solos sobre os seres vivos, particularmente as plantas. É uma das duas divisões principais da ciência do solo, sendo a outra a pedologia.[1][2] A edafologia inclui o estudo de como o solo influencia o uso da terra pela humanidade para o crescimento das plantas[3] bem como o uso geral da terra pelas pessoas.[4] Subcampos gerais dentro da edafologia são ciência do solo agrícola (conhecida pelo termo agrologia em algumas regiões) e ciência ambiental do solo.[a]

Na Rússia, a edafologia é considerada equivalente à pedologia, mas é reconhecida por ter um sentido aplicado consistente com a agrofísica e a agroquímica fora da Rússia.[5]

História

Xenofonte (431–355 a.C.) e Catão (234–149 a.C.), foram os primeiros edafologistas. Xenofonte observou o efeito benéfico de transformar uma plantação de cobertura na terra. Catão escreveu De Agri Cultura ("Na Agricultura") que recomendava o preparo do solo, a rotação de culturas e o uso de leguminosas na rotação para construir nitrogênio no solo. Ele também desenvolveu a primeira classificação de capacidade do solo para culturas específicas.

Jan Baptist van Helmont (1577–1644) realizou um experimento famoso, cultivando um salgueiro em um vaso de terra e fornecendo apenas água da chuva por cinco anos. O peso ganho pela árvore foi maior que a perda de peso do solo. Ele concluiu que o salgueiro era feito de água. Embora apenas parcialmente correto, seu experimento reacendeu o interesse pela edafologia.[6]

Notas

  1. ↑ Pedologia lida com pedogênese, morfologia do solo e classificação do solo.

Referências

  1. ↑ Page 8 in Buckman, Harry O.; Brady, Nyle C. (1960). The Nature and Property of Soils - A College Text of Edaphology 6th ed. New York: The MacMillan Company 
  2. ↑ Gardiner, Duane T. «Lecture 1 Chapter 1 Why Study Soils?». ENV320: Soil Science Lecture Notes. Texas A&M University-Kingsville. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2019. Arquivado do original em 9 de fevereiro de 2018 
  3. ↑ Research Branch (1976). «Glossary of Terms in Soil Science». Publication 1459. Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2008 
  4. ↑ Whittow, John B. (1984). The Penguin Dictionary of Physical Geography. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-051094-2 
  5. ↑ Tseits, M. A.; B. A. Devin (2005). «Soil Science Web Resources: A Practical Guide to Search Procedures and Search Engines» (PDF). Eurasian Soil Science. 38 (2): 223. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2008. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 17 de dezembro de 2008 
  6. ↑ Xenophon, Cato and Van Helmont: see page 9-12 in Miller, Raymond W.; Gardiner, Duane T. (1998). Soils in Our Environment 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-610882-5 

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