Distribuição complementar

Em linguística, distribuição complementar é um fenômeno fonológico que consiste na ocorrência de variantes de um mesmo fonema a depender do ambiente ou contexto em que se insere. Este evento resulta em um caso de alofonia ou alomorfia. Por ambiente ou contexto, entende-se a estrutura interna da palavra, morfema ou segmento, como fronteira de sílaba, efeito de sons próximos, de elementos suprassegmentais ou informações lexicais e gramaticais.[1]

O exemplo mais clássico em língua portuguesa ocorre com os fonemas /t/ e /d/ que sofrem palatalização quando ocorrem antes de [i], [ɪ] ou [j]. Diz-se, por exemplo, que /t/ realiza-se como [tʃ] antes de vogais ou semivogais anteriores altas e realiza-se como [t] em demais ambientes ou contextos. Assim, [tʃ] e [t] são alofones de um mesmo fonema (/t/) e estão em distribuição complementar.[2][3]

Referências

  1. ↑ Borges, Mônica Veloso. «Resenha de Fonética e fonologia do português: roteiro de estudos e guia de exercícios». DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Linguística Teórica e Aplicada. 16: 183-188. doi:10.1590/S0102-44502000000100011. Consultado em 21 de agosto de 2021 
  2. ↑ Habel, Jussara Maria. «Introdução às características fonético-fonológicas das consoantes do alemão Standard e do alemão boêmio». Pandaemonium. 22 (38): 75-96. doi:10.11606/1982-8837223975. Consultado em 21 de agosto de 2021 
  3. ↑ Freitag, Raquel. «A expressão do passado imperfectivo no Português arcaico». Domínios de Lingu@gem. 3 (2): 166-183. doi:10.14393/dl. Consultado em 21 de agosto de 2021 

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