Diorama

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Diorama (desambiguação).
Um diorama da Batalha de Pidna.

Diorama é um modo de apresentação artística tridimensional, de maneira muito realista, de cenas da vida real para exposição com finalidades de instrução ou entretenimento.[1][2]

Etimologia

O termo "diorama" foi inventado por Louis Daguerre em 1822, para um tipo de display rotativo. A palavra significa literalmente: "através daquilo, o que é visto" do grego di- "através" + orama "o que é visto, uma cena".[3]

Histórico

Planta baixa do diorama original de Londres de 1823.
Um diorama do habitat natural de um grupo de pássaros no Bell Museum da Universidade de Minnesota em 1920.

O primeiro diorama foi criado por Daguerre e Charles Marie Bouton, sendo exposto em Londres em 29 de setembro de 1823. O significado "réplica de uma cena em pequena escala, etc." surgiu em 1902.

O diorama de Daguerre consistia de uma tela de gaze espessa pintada dos dois lados, que quando iluminada pela frente, a cena era apresentada num determinado estado, e quando a iluminação era feita por trás, um outro estado ou aspecto da cena podia ser visto. Cenas à luz do dia mudavam para cenas noturnas, um trem trafegando numa estrada de ferro colidia, ou os efeitos de um terremoto eram exibidos nas situações "antes e depois".

Frank M. Chapman, curador do Museu Americano de História Natural, no final do século XIX e inicio do século XX, tornou este estilo de exposição muito popular.

Os dioramas modernos podem ser vistos em exposições de artes e na maioria dos museus naturais, principalmente nos de história.

O museu com a maior exposição de dioramas do mundo é o Museu Cívico de História Natural de Milão.

Utilização

Num diorama, a cena de fundo, que pode ser uma paisagem, plantas, animais, eventos históricos, etc., é pintada sobre uma tela de fundo curvo, de tal maneira que simulem um contorno real. A tela colocada na obscuridade e iluminada de maneira adequada dá uma ilusão de profundidade e de movimento, dando a impressão de tridimensionalidade. O assunto principal, é pintado ou esculpido de tal forma que cria uma perspectiva falsa, modificando com cuidado a escala dos objetos para reforçar a ilusão de realismo. Todas estas técnicas são modos de apresentar uma vista realística de uma cena grande em um espaço reduzido.[4]

Os dioramas são também utilizados por praticantes de modelismo de todo tipo, como parte do seu trabalho, por exemplo: recriando cenas de batalhas históricas em escala diminuta e o ferromodelismo, entre outros.

Galeria

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «diorama». The Free Dictionary. thefreedictionary.com. Consultado em 21 de junho de 2015 
  2. ↑ «diorama». Merriam-Webster. merriam-webster.com. Consultado em 21 de junho de 2015 
  3. ↑ Diorama - Word Origin & History - Online Etymology Dictionary - Dictionary.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  4. ↑ Kalif, Will. «How To Make Dioramas». Diorama Man. stormthecastle.com. Consultado em 21 de junho de 2015 

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