Diogo Ribeiro (cartógrafo)

Diogo Ribeiro
Nascimento século XV
Morte 16 de agosto de 1533
Cidadania Espanha, Reino de Portugal
Ocupação explorador, cartógrafo, inventor
Mapa-mundi de Diego Ribero, 1529

Diego Ribero, também conhecido como Diego de Ribero, Diego (de) Rivero, Diego Ribeiro ou Diogo Ribeiro (? - 16 de Agosto de 1533), foi um cartógrafo e explorador de origem portuguesa[1][2] que trabalhou desde 1518 ao serviço da coroa espanhola. Diego Ribero trabalhou nos mapas oficiais espanhois do Padrón Real (ou Padron Geral) entre 1518-1532. Também produziu instrumentos de navegação, incluindo astrolábios e quadrantes.[1]

Primeiros anos

Nascido Diogo Ribeiro, era filho de Afonso Ribeiro e de Beatriz Oliveira.[1] No entanto, não há registo conhecido da data e local do seu nascimento. Acredita-se que se tornou um marinheiro em tenra idade e fez várias viagens à Índia como um piloto de navios. Alegadamente, navegou com Pedro Afonso de Aguiar, capitão nas armadas dos exploradores Vasco da Gama (1502), Lopo Soares de Albergaria (1504) e Afonso de Albuquerque (1509).[1]

Carreira

Diogo Ribeiro começou a trabalhar para Carlos I de Espanha em 1518,[2] como cartógrafo na Casa de Contratación em Sevilha. Após adoptar a cidadania espanhola em 1519, participou no desenvolvimento dos mapas utilizados na primeira circum-navegação da Terra por Fernão de Magalhães.

Em 10 de Janeiro de 1523, foi nomeado cosmógrafo real e "mestre na arte de criar mapas, astrolábios e outros instrumentos". Por fim substituiu Sebastião Caboto (que partiu em viagem) como o cartógrafo principal. Caboto publicou seu primeiro mapa em 1544.

Em 1524, Ribeiro participou da delegação espanhola na "Junta de Badajoz-Elvas" que antecedeu o Tratado de Saragoça (1529), na qual Espanha e Portugal discutiram se as Molucas e as Filipinas estavam do lado Espanhol ou Português do Tratado de Tordesilhas.

Em 1527, Diogo Ribeiro terminou o Padrón Real, o mapa oficial (e secreto) usado como modelo para os mapas presentes em todos os navios espanhóis. É considerado o primeiro mapa do mundo científico. Em 1531, Diogo Ribeiro inventou uma bomba de água de bronze capaz de bombear a água dez vezes mais rápido que os modelos anteriores. Diogo Ribeiro morreu em 1533.

O primeiro mapa-mundi científico

o mais importante trabalho de Diogo Ribeiro é o Padrón real de 1527. O mapa principal é o primeiro mapa-mundi com base em observações empíricas da latitude. Existem 6 cópias atribuídas a Ribeiro,[3] incluindo na Grande Biblioteca Ducal em Weimar (1527 Mundus Novus) e na Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana, na Cidade do Vaticano (1529 Carta Universal).[3] A apresentação do mapa (Map-amundi) é fortemente influenciada pelas informações obtidas durante a expedição de Magalhães e Elcano em redor do mundo.

O mapa de Diogo Ribeiro delineia com precisão as costas da América Central e do Sul. No entanto, nem a Austrália nem a Antártida aparecem, e o subcontinente indiano surge muito pequeno. O mapa mostra, pela primeira vez, a real extensão do Oceano Pacífico. Mostra também, pela primeira vez, a costa norte-americana como um contínuo (provavelmente influenciado pelas explorações de Estevão Gomes em 1525). Mostra também a demarcação do Tratado de Tordesilhas.

Referências

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Diogo Ribeiro (cartógrafo)

  [n] - Diego Ribero surge com o nome "Diogo Ribeiro" em documentos portugueses.[3][2]
  [r] - Exposição sobre o Padron Real em Março 2002, in "Florida, the Making of a State".[4]
  [s] - As principais fontes incluem: [5][1][2][3][6][7]

  1. a b c d e "The Cartographer Diogo Ribeiro", L. A. Vigneras, 1962, Imago Mundi, Ltd., Jstor webpage: Jstor-304.
  2. a b c d "Marvellous countries and lands" (Notable Maps of Florida, 1507-1846), Ralph E. Ehrenberg, 2002, webpage: BLib3 Arquivado em 12 de março de 2008, no Wayback Machine.: notes some head mapmakers.[r]
  3. a b c d "Carta Universal" (slide description, Ribero bio), Henry-Davis.com, webpage: HDav346.
  4. "Introduction" (for exhibit "Florida, the Making of a State"), Broward County Libraries, Florida, March 2002, webpage: BL2 Arquivado em 18 de julho de 2011, no Wayback Machine..
  5. "Science in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires, 1500–1800", Daniela Bleichmar, Paula De Vos et al., USC, 2008, web (PDF): UBP.
  6. "The story of maps", Lloyd Arnold Brown, 1979, page 143, Google Books webpage: BG-7BkC: notes 1527 Padron General, old Alcazar.
  7. "Cabot Explorations in North America", D.O. True, 1956, Jstor, webpage: Jstor-236: notes General "after August 2, 1527".

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