Dinâmica musical

Dinâmica musical (do grego dynamos = força) refere-se à indicação que um compositor faz na partitura acerca da intensidade sonora com que ele quer que uma nota ou um trecho musical sejam executados.[1]

Fisicamente, um som musical tem quatro características: duração, altura, intensidade e timbre. Altura é a frequência do som, indicada pelo compositor pela posição da nota no pentagrama. Timbre é a característica que nos permite distinguir entre uma nota de mesma altura e intensidade produzida por diferentes instrumentos, como, por exemplo, por uma flauta ou flauta transversal ou por um violino. A intensidade sonora refere-se à energia com que a onda sonora atinge nossos ouvidos. Para indicar a intensidade sonora com que ele quer que uma nota ou trecho musical seja executado, o compositor utiliza uma gradação que vai desde o molto pianissimo (intensidade sonora mínima, quase inaudível) até o molto fortissimo (o máximo de intensidade sonora que se pode obter sem danificar a voz ou o instrumento). As gradações dinâmicas mais frequentes são (da mais suave para a mais intensa): 

ppp pianississimo
pp  pianissimo
p   piano
mp  mezzo piano
mf  mezzo forte
f   forte
ff  fortissimo
fff fortississimo

Assim, se uma letra p aparece sobre (ou sob) a nota, isso significa que o compositor quer que a nota seja executada delicadamente; um f significa que o compositor quer que a nota seja executada o mais forte possivel, ou seja, com o máximo de intensidade.

Variação de intensidade

As variações de intensidade são indicadas por símbolos gráficos na partitura ou através de textos:

Sforzando
Esta marca, colocada abaixo de uma nota na partitura, denota um aumento súbito de intensidade ao longo de uma única nota.
Forzando

Marca semelhante ao Sforzando.

Crescendo
Um crescimento gradual do volume. Essa marca pode ser estendida ao longo de muitas notas, sob a pauta para indicar que o volume cresce gradualmente ao longo da frase musical.
Diminuendo
Uma diminuição gradual do volume. Essa marca, colocada sob a pauta, pode ser estendida por várias notas como o crescendo.

A indicação dinâmica crescendo aplicada a um trecho musical significa intensidade sonora que aumenta gradativamente desde piano até forte, ou desde pianissimo até fortissimo; o contrário é diminuendo.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Dinâmica musical» (em inglês). JSTOR. Consultado em 6 de janeiro de 2020 

Read other articles:

Calpe Hole Generating station

Electrical power station in Gibraltar Calpe Hole Generating stationCountryGibraltarLocationGibraltarCoordinates36°08′39″N 5°20′56″W / 36.1442°N 5.3488°W / 36.1442; -5.3488StatusabandonedOwner(s)Government of GibraltarOperator(s)Government of GibraltarExternal linksCommonsRelated media on Commons[edit on Wikidata] The Calpe Hole Generating station is an abandoned power station located in the rock of Gibraltar, accessed via the Great N...

 

Wrexham A.F.C.

Wrexham A.F.CNama lengkapWrexham Association Football ClubJulukanThe dragonsBerdiriOctober 1864StadionSTōK Cae Ras,(Kapasitas: 13,060)PemilikWrexham Holdings LLC[1]ManajerPhil Parkinson[2]LigaLeague Two2023-242Situs webSitus web resmi klub Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Wrexham Association Football Club adalah sebuah klub sepak bola profesional yang berbasis di Wrexham, Wales dan kini berkompetisi di Liga Dua Inggris, tingkat ke-4 dalam sistem liga sepak bola di Inggris. ...

 

Wayang Kulit Cirebon

Wayang Kulit Cirebon adalah salah satu ragam wayang kulit yang ada di wilayah Nusantara, termasuk di dalamnya negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Di wilayah yang terdiri dari banyak pulau dan beraneka ragam etnis. Jenis gaya wayang kulit begitu melimpah ditemui, misalnya di beraneka jenis wayang kulit di pulau Jawa, wayang narta di Bali, wayang sasak di Lombok, wayang Melayu di Terengganu, Malaysia hingga wayang Nang Yai dan Nang Thalung di Thailand. Berdasarkan penelitian Matthew Isaac Cohen (profe...

العلاقات البحرينية الموزمبيقية

العلاقات البحرينية الموزمبيقية البحرين موزمبيق   البحرين   موزمبيق تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البحرينية الموزمبيقية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين البحرين وموزمبيق.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: و�...

 

حركة مقذوف

مسار المياه بشكل قطع مكافئ السرعة البدائية للقذف بشكل قطع مكافئ مركبتي السرعة البدائية للقذف بشكل قطع مكافئ حركة المقذوف شكل الحركة التي يقذف بها جسيم أو كما يسمى قذيفة بالقرب من سطح الأرض، وتتحرك في مسار منحني يخضع لتأثير عجلة الجاذبية فقط. كما يفترض أيضًا إهمال مقاومة ال...

 

Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles

Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Saudi Arabia include: Contents:  Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0-9 1969 Saudi Arabian coup d'état plot 1979 Grand Mosque seizure 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests 2016 Saudi Arabia bombings 2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution 2017 Saudi Arabian purge 2017–19 Qatar diplomatic crisis 2018 Riyadh missile strike 2018 Saudi Vision 2030 2020 G20 Riyadh summit A Abortion in Saudi Arabia Abraj Al Bait Abu Hadriya...

Joan W. Bennett

American mycologist Joan W. Bennett (2009) Joan Wennstrom Bennett (born September 15, 1942) is a fungal geneticist who also is active in issues concerning women in science. Educated at Upsala College (B.S. 1963) and the University of Chicago (M.S. 1964, Ph.D. 1967), she was on the faculty of Tulane University for 35 years. She is a past president of the American Society for Microbiology (1990-1991) and of the Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (2001-2002), and past Editor i...

 

Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure

French politician (1767–1855) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2012) Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'EurePortrait by Ary SchefferPresident of the Provisional GovernmentIn office26 February 1848...

 

Handball Club Lada

Handball Club LadaFull nameHandball Club LadaShort nameLadaFounded1998ArenaOlymp Sportlomplex, TogliattiCapacity2,700PresidentIrina BliznovaHead coachAlexey AlekseevLeagueRussian Super League2021–223rdClub colours    Home Away Website Official site HC Ladaclass=notpageimage| Location of HC Lada Handball Club Lada is a Russian women's handball club from Tolyatti playing in the Russian Super League. Founded in 1998, Lada became the leading team in the Super Leagu...

Choice Airways

Airline of the United States This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Choice Airways IATA ICAO Callsign — CSX CHOICE AIR FoundedMarch 27, 2009HubsFort Lauderdale Executive AirportFocus citiesHugo Chávez International Airport, Cap-Haïtien, HaitiFleet size2Parent companyChoice Airways, Inc.HeadquartersFort Lau...

 

Faye White

English footballer Faye WhiteMBE Faye White at the Emirates Stadium, London, August 2006Personal informationFull name Faye Deborah White[1]Date of birth (1978-02-02) 2 February 1978 (age 46)Place of birth Horley,[2] EnglandHeight 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)[3]Position(s) DefenderYouth career Horsham LadiesSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1996–2013 Arsenal Ladies 300 (22)2007 Ottawa Fury (loan)[4] 8 (1)International career‡1997–2012 England 90...

 

Stefano Sottile

Stefano Sottile Nazionalità  Italia Altezza 182 cm Peso 63 kg Atletica leggera Specialità Salto in alto Società  Fiamme Azzurre Record Alto 2,33 m (2019) Alto 2,27 m (indoor - 2023) CarrieraSocietà 2005-2016 Atletica Valsesia2017- Fiamme AzzurrePalmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Mondiali allievi 1 0 0 Mediterranei under 23 0 1 0 Per maggiori dettagli vedi qui Statistiche aggiornate al 3 febbraio 2023 Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Stefano Sottile (Bor...

Karangmulya, Suradadi, Tegal

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) KarangmulyaDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TengahKabupatenTegalKecamatanSuradadiKode pos52182Kode Kemendagri33.28.16.2003 Jumlah penduduk12....

 

Заправка картриджей

Заправка картриджа (англ. toner refill, англ. ink refill — добавление чернил) относится к процессу очистки картриджа принтера от отработанного тонера или чернил, и заполнения его новым тонером (для лазерных принтеров) или чернилами (для струйных принтеров), что позволяет мн�...

 

Parni Valjak

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Parni Valjak – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Croatian and former Yugoslav rock band Parni ValjakParni Valjak in 2010Background informationOriginZagreb, CroatiaGenresRock, hard rock, pop, reg...

Pulau Clarence (Kepulauan Shetland Selatan)

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Pulau Clarence). Pulau ClarencePulau ClarenceLokasi Pulau ClarenceGeografiLokasiAntarktikaKoordinat61°12′S 054°05′W / 61.200°S 54.083°W / -61.200; -54.083KepulauanKepulauan Shetland SelatanPanjang19,3 kmTitik tertinggiGunung Irving (2.300 m)PemerintahanDiperintah di bawah Sistem Perjanjian AntarktikaKependudukanPendudukTidak berpenghuni Pulau Clarence (61°12′S 054°05′W / 61.200°S 54.083°W&#x...

 

Antoni Ponikowski

Polish politician (1878–1949) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Polish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-transl...

 

John C. Waldron

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Waldron. John Charles Waldron John C. Waldron dans les années 1940. Naissance 24 août 1900Fort Pierre, Dakota du Sud (États-Unis) Décès 4 juin 1942 (à 41 ans)Océan Pacifique (vers Midway)Mort au combat Origine Américain Allégeance États-Unis Arme United States Navy Grade Lieutenant commander Années de service 1924 – 1942 Commandement 8e escadre de bombardiers-torpilleurs (VT-8) Conflits Seconde Guerre mondiale Faits d'armes Bataille de Midw...

Конституция Белоруссии

Конституция Республики Беларусьбел. Канстытуцыя Рэспублікі Беларусь Конституция Республики Беларусь. Название указано на белорусском и русском языках Вид Конституция Государство  Белоруссия Принятие Верховным Советом Республики Беларусь 15 марта 1994 года Вступлени...

 

Puteri Indonesia Jambi

Puteri Indonesia JambiLogo Puteri IndonesiaSingkatanPI JambiDinamai berdasarkanPuteri Indonesia RegionalTanggal pendirian1995; 29 tahun lalu (1995)Didirikan diKota Jambi, Jambi, IndonesiaTipeKontes Kecantikan RegionalKantor pusatKota Jambi, IndonesiaLokasi IndonesiaJumlah anggota Puteri IndonesiaBahasa resmi Bahasa IndonesiaBahasa InggrisPresiden dan CEO Puteri IndonesiaMooryati SoedibyoKetua Puteri IndonesiaPutri KuswisnuwardhaniOrganisasi indukPuteri IndonesiaSitus webwww.puteri-i...