Dinastia Shun

Mapa do Território de Shun

A dinastia Shun (em chinês: 顺朝 (simplificado) ou 順朝 (tradicional); romaniz.: Shùn cháo (pinyin)) ou Grande Shun (em chinês: 大顺 (simplificado) ou 大順 (tradicional); romaniz.: Dà shùn (pinyin)) foi uma dinastia de curta duração, surgida na transição entre as dinastias Ming e Qing, na história da China. A dinastia foi fundada em Xian em 8 de fevereiro de 1644, o primeiro dia do ano lunar, por Li Zicheng, o líder de uma grande rebelião camponesa.

Li, no entanto, só utilizou o título de Rei (王), não o de Imperador (皇帝). A captura de Pequim pelas forças de Shun em abril de 1644 marcou o fim da dinastia Ming, mas Li Zicheng não conseguiu consolidar seu mandato, sendo que no final de maio 1644, foi derrotado na Batalha da passagem de Shanhai, contra as forças conjuntas do general Ming Wu Sangui e do príncipe Manchu Dorgon. Quando fugiu de volta a Pequim, no início de junho, Li finalmente proclamou-se imperador da China e deixou a capital rapidamente[1]. A dinastia Shun terminou com a morte de Li em 1645.

Depois da criação da dinastia Shun, Li Zicheng ordenou seus soldados que exterminassem os membros remanescentes dos Mings que ainda existiam em Pequim. Isto resultou em fortes rebeliões pelas forças dos Ming do sul da China. Além disso, com os ministros Shun constantemente lutando pelo poder, a dinastia efetivamente durou menos de um ano.

Generais e ministros

  • Niu Jinxing (牛金星), Chanceler
  • Gu Jun'en (顧君恩), ministro
  • Li Yan (李岩), ministro
  • Song Xiance (宋獻策), ministro
  • Liu Zongmin (劉宗敏), general
  • Yuan Zongti
  • Tian Jianxiu
  • Hao Yaoqi (郝搖旗), general
  • Li Guo (李過), general
  • Gao Jie (高傑), general
  • Dama Gao (Gao Guiying) (高氏), esposa e general de Li Zicheng

Referências

  1. ↑ Frederic Wakeman Jr. (1985). The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China. [S.l.]: University of California Press. 313 páginas. ISBN 978-0-520-04804-1 

Precedido por
Dinastia Ming		 Dinastia Shun
1644 — 1645		 Sucedido por
Dinastia Qing
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