Difração de pó

Padrão eletrônico de poeira (vermelho) de um filme de Al com uma espiral fcc em sobreposição (verde) e uma linha de intersecções (azul) que determina um parâmetro de retículo.[1]

Difração de pó é uma técnica científica que usa difração de raios X, nêutrons ou elétrons sobre amostras de pó ou microcristalina para a caracterização estrutural dos materiais.[2][3]

Explanação

Idealmente, cada orientação cristalina possível é representada muito igualmente em uma amostra pulverizada. A média orientacional resultante causa o espaço recíproco tridimensional que é estudado em uma difração de cristal única a ser projetada sobre uma única dimensão. O espaço tridimensional pode ser descrito com eixos (recíprocos) x*, y* e z* ou alternativamente em coordenadas esféricas q, φ* e χ*. Em difração de pó, intnsidade é homogênea sobre φ* e χ*, e somente q permanece como um grandeza mensurável importante. Na prática, é algumas vezes necessário girar a orientação da amostra para eliminar os efeitos de textura e alcançar sua verdadeira aleatoriedade.

Difração de pó bidimensional configurada com detector de placa plana(Ref.)

Quando a radiação dispersa é coletada sobre uma placa detectora plana, a média rotacional conduz a anéis de difração suaves em torno do eixo do feixe, ao invés das discretas manchas de Laue observadas na difração de cristais únicos. O ângulo entre o eixo do feixe e o anel é chamado ângulo de dispersão e em cristalografia de raios-X sempre denotado como 2θ. (Em dispersão de luz visível a convenção é usualmente chamá-lo θ). Em acordo com a lei de Bragg, cada anel corresponde a um vetor retículo recíproco particular no cristal amostra. Isto conduz à definição do vetor dispersão como:

Referências

  1. P. Fraundorf and Shuhan Lin (2004) "Spiral powder overlays", Microscopy and Microanalysis 10:S2, 1356-1357
  2. Cullity, B. D.; Elements of X-ray diffraction. 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.; 1978.
  3. Bish, D.L. and Post, J.E., editors; Modern Powder Diffraction. Reviews in Mienralogy, v. 20. Mineralogical Society of America, 1989.

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