Dies Irae

Painel central do Tríptico de Hans Memling, O Juízo Final (c. 1467–71)

Dies Iræ ("Dia de Ira") é um famoso hino, em latim, do século XIII. Pensa-se que foi escrito por Tomás de Celano. Sua inspiração parece vir da Bíblia, Sofonias 1,15–16, da tradução para o latim da Vulgata. A métrica é troqueu. O uso principal é dentro da liturgia do réquiem, como Sequência, na tradicional missa católica para os mortos, mas também algumas outras igrejas como a anglicana usam o hino.

É também um dos hinos, e geralmente a apoteose, do Requiem de Mozart, Verdi e dos contemporâneos Penderecki e Karl Jenkins, entre outros compositores.

Uso na liturgia católica

O Dies Iræ foi usado por séculos na Missa Requiem, oficializado pelo Concílio de Trento no século XVI. A última vez se encontrou no Missal Romano em 1962, antes das reformas do Concílio Vaticano II. Em lugares, onde a Missa tridentina está ainda em uso, pode ser ouvido até hoje. Também faz parte da liturgia do dia de Todos-os-Santos. Por esse uso oficial ele faz parte de muitas composições do réquiem, entre eles de Mozart e Verdi.

O hino

O Dies iræ tem rima no final dos versos e usa acentos rítmicos e não a métrica antiga baseada em sílabas longas e curtas, o que era nessa época uma moda nova.

O Dies iræ aparece pela primeira vez no século XIII como forma do canto gregoriano. Erste Strophe des Dies iræ

Em composições posteriores do requiem o Dies iræ é muitas vezes separado nas partes Dies iræ, Tuba mirum, Liber scriptus, Rex tremendæ, Recordare, Ingemisco, Confutatis e Lacrimosa.

Lista de composições que contêm o Dies iræ

Citações do hino gregoriano na música erudita

Original do Dies Iræ do Requiem de Mozart

Movimentos Dies-iræ famosos em requiens

Citações em músicas de Filmes

  • Abigor: Kingdom of Darkness (Album: Verwüstung / Invoke the Dark Age, Black Metal)
  • Adagio: Introïtus / Solvet Sæclum in Favilla (Album: Underworld, Progressive Metal, Neoclassical Metal)
  • Anhedonia: Dies irae (Album: Der Schrei der Natur 2008)
  • ASP: Requiem (Album: Requiembryo 2007)
  • Clint Bajakian, Peter McConnel, Michael Z. Land: Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis (Spielemusik)
  • Bathory: Dies Iræ (Album: Blood Fire Death, Black Metal)
  • Believer: Dies irae (Album: Sanity Obscure, 1990 Roadrunner Records, Thrash Metal)
  • Chen, Leo: Walpurgisnacht Quarteto de cordas duplo, 2004
  • Dark Moor (Album: The Gates of Oblivion, 2002, Power Metal)
  • Dectera Lugh: Dies Iræ (Album: Lumina, 2007, Música medieval)
  • Dissection: Starless Aeon (Album: Reinkaos, 2006, Melodic Death Metal)
  • Hans-Ola Ericsson: Dies iræ para Soli e coro, 1975
  • Epica: Dies Iræ (Album: The Classical Conspiracy, 2009, Symphonic Metal)
  • Evanescence: Lacrymosa (Album: The Open Door, 2006)
  • Juno Reactor: Conquistador I (Album: Labyrinth, 2004, Goa-Trance)
  • Helga Pogatschar: Sequentia (Album: Mars Requiem, 1995, Post-Industrial)
  • Helloween: The time of the oath (Album: The time of the oath, Heavy Metal, 1996)
  • Helium Vola: Dies Iræ (EP: In lichter Farbe steht der Wald, 2004)
  • In Strict Confidence: In Favilla (Album: Exile Paradise, 2006)
  • Lacrimosa: Die Schreie sind verstummt (Album: Echos, 2003)
  • Libera: Dies Iræ (Album: Libera, 1999)
  • Luca Turilli's Dreamquest: Gothic Vision (Album: Lost Horizons, Power Metal)
  • Mantus: Dies Iræ (Album: Fremde Welten)
  • Guntram Pauli: Rock Requiem (1978)
  • Rage: Dies Iræ (Album: Unity, Heavy Metal)
  • Rotting Christ: Dies Iræ (Album: The Heretics, Black Metal)
  • Schwarzer Engel: Der Zorn Gottes (Album: Apokalypse)
  • Sigh: Salvation in Flame/Confutatis (Album: Hangman’s Hymn: Musikalische Exequien, Extreme Metal)
  • Jim Steinman: Dance of the Vampires, musical
  • Stuck in the Sound: Dies Irae (Album: Survivor, 2016)
  • Subway To Sally: Tag Der Rache (Album: Hochzeit, Folk Rock 1999)
  • Symphony X: A Fool’s Paradise (Album: V – The New Mythology Suite, Progressive Metal; o album contem também uma variação do Dies Iræ do requiem de Verdi)
  • Thyrfing: Far Åt Helvete (Album: Farsotstider, 2005, Pagan Metal)
  • Wolfenmond: Dies iræ, Dies illa (Album: Flammenspiel und Schattenklang, 2004, Música da cena medieval)
  • T.A.C.-Tomografia Assiale Computerízzata: Requiem da luz preta (Album: La Nouvelle Art Du Deuil)
  • „Tag des Zornes“ Roman Streisand, SPILWUT CD 3 „Ouroborus“ , Música da cena medieval 2005

Ligações externas

Referências

  1. Simmons, Walter (2004), Voices in the Wilderness: Six American Neo-romantic Composers, ISBN 0-8108-4884-8, Scarecrow 
  2. About this Recording – 8.559635 – Daugherty, M.: Metropolis Symphony / Deus ex Machina (T. Wilson, Nashville Symphony, Guerrero), Naxos 
  3. Dead Elvis  |nome1= sem |sobrenome1= em Authors list (ajuda)
  4. Elfman, Danny (1993). The Nightmare Before Christmas: Piano/Vocal. [S.l.]: Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-7935-2827-5 
  5. Grantham, Donald (2004), «Donald Grantham», in: Camphouse, Mark, Composers on Composing for Band, ISBN 1-57999-385-0, 2, Chicago: GIA, pp. 100–01 
  6. Greenberg, Robert (2011), The Great Courses: The 30 Greatest Orchestral Works, The Teaching Co 
  7. Spratt, Geoffrey K. The Music of Arthur Honegger. Cork University Press, 1985.
  8. Zadan, Craig (1989). Sondheim & Co 2nd ed. [S.l.]: Perennial Library. p. 248. ISBN 0-06-091400-9 
  9. Roberge, Marc-André, «Citations of the Dies irae», Sorabji Resource Site, CA: U Laval 
  10. Lintgen, Arthur, «Tchaikovsky: Manfred Symphony», Fanfare (review) 
  11. Leonard, James. Tchaikovsky: Suite No. 3; Stravinsky: Divertimento (em inglês) no AllMusic. Acessado em 15 October 2011.

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