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Demanda do Santo Graal

A Demanda do Santo Graal (em francês La Queste del Saint Graal) é o nome de algumas obras literárias medievais sobre as lendas do rei Artur e os cavaleiros da Távola Redonda escritos originalmente em francês antigo no século XIII. Os livros da Demanda são seções de obras maiores, compostas de vários livros, chamados atualmente Ciclo do Lancelote-Graal (escrito entre 1210 e 1230) e o Ciclo da Post-Vulgata (escrito entre 1230-1240).

Origem

As demandas do Santo Graal - parte da Matéria da Bretanha - tem sua origem nas Ilhas Britânicas, mas tornaram-se populares em toda a Europa devido a romances em verso escritos a partir do século XII na França e na Inglaterra. Já no século XIII surgem também versões em prosa das lendas. Duas prosificações importantes ocorreram entre 1220 e 1240 na França, denominadas atualmente Lancelote-Graal e Post-Vulgata, logo traduzidas e adaptadas para outras línguas europeias.

A Demanda da Post-Vulgata caracteriza-se por incorporar elementos de outro livro da época, o Tristão em Prosa, incluindo assim personagens como Tristão e Palamedes, ausentes da Demanda da Vulgata. Atualmente o texto da Demanda da Post-Vulgata está preservada parcialmente em francês antigo e em castelhano, mas uma versão completa existe em português.

Versão portuguesa

Em língua portuguesa medieval se preserva um manuscrito da Demanda do século XV, resultado de uma adaptação do texto francês da Post-Vulgata. A obra é uma das mais importantes da prosa novelística da literatura medieval portuguesa. O texto original em francês da Demanda não foi preservado intacto, e o manuscrito português tem importância excepcional por ser o mais completo entre todas as versões da Post-Vulgata existentes.

Atualmente, o manuscrito sobrevive numa cópia do século XV preservada na Biblioteca Nacional de Viena, catalogado com o número 2594. Indícios históricos e linguísticos no texto indicam que a tradução original foi feita ainda no século XIII, durante o reinado de Afonso III. A versão portuguesa foi utilizada como fonte para a versão em castelhano da Demanda, atualmente preservada numa edição já renascentista, do século XVI.

Bibliografia

  • Miranda, José Carlos Ribeiro, Galaaz e a Ideologia da Linhagem, Porto, Granito Editores, 1998. ISBN 972-97530-7-5.
  • Miranda, José Carlos Ribeiro, A Demanda do Santo Graal e o Ciclo Arturiano da Vulgata, Porto, Granito Editores, 1998. ISBN 972-97530-6-7.
  • Nunes, Irene Freire (ed.), A Demanda do Santo Graal, Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, 2005. ISBN 972-27-1126-1.
  • Heitor Megale (Organização e modernização do português). A Demanda do Santo Graal. Companhia de Bolso, 2008. ISBN 978-85-359-1320-0.

Ver também

Ligações externas

  • A historia dos cavalleiros da mesa redonda e da demanda do santo Graal (onb.ac.at) [1]
  • Demanda do Santo Graal no Projecto Vercial (inclui pequeno trecho).[2]
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