Degradação (telecomunicação)

Na telecomunicação, a degradação é a perda de qualidade de um sinal eletrônico, e tem os seguintes significados[1]:

  1. A deterioração na qualidade, nível ou padrão de desempenho de uma unidade funcional;
  2. Em comunicações, uma condição na qual um ou mais dos parâmetros de desempenho exigidos ficam fora dos limites predeterminados, resultando em uma qualidade de serviço menor.

Existem várias formas e causas de degradação em sinais elétricos, tanto no domínio do tempo quanto no domínio físico, incluindo pulso estreito, pico de voltagem, jitter, wander, swim, drift, ringing, crosstalk, efeito antena e ruído de fase.

Degradação geralmente se refere à redução na qualidade de um sinal analógico ou digital. Quando um sinal está sendo transmitido ou recebido, sofre alterações indesejáveis. Essas mudanças são chamadas de degradação. Degradação geralmente é causada por:

  1. Condições climáticas ou ambientais;
  2. Terreno;
  3. Outros sinais;
  4. Equipamento falho ou de baixa qualidade.

Condições do tempo[2]

Um sinal tem dois fatores importantes: frequência e comprimento de onda. Se o tempo estiver bom e a temperatura estiver normal, o sinal pode ser transmitido dentro dos limites de frequência e comprimento de onda dados. O sinal viaja com velocidade c ≤ 3*108 m/s que é igual à velocidade da luz. Para frequência f Hz e comprimento de onda λ m, nós temos:

f = c/λ.

Tal como, quando as condições meteorológicas se deterioram, a frequência f tem que ser aumentada. Isso faz com que o comprimento de onda λ diminuir, o que significa que o sinal viaja menos distância.

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre eletrônica é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Federal Standard 1037C: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms». www.its.bldrdoc.gov. Consultado em 1 de março de 2019 
  2. ↑ «Telecomunicações: Fatores de degradação dos sinais em rádio propagação – Info Física». Consultado em 1 de março de 2019 

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