Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

A Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (em português: Declaração das Causas e Necessidade de Pegar em Armas) é uma Resolução adotada pelo Segundo Congresso Continental em 6 de julho de 1775, que explica por que as Treze Colônias pegaram em armas no que se tornou a Guerra Revolucionária Americana. A versão final da Declaração foi escrita por Thomas Jefferson e revisada por John Dickinson.[1]

Conteúdo

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Declaração das Causas e Necessidade de Pegar em Armas

A Declaração descreve o que os colonos viam como o esforço do Parlamento britânico para estender sua jurisdição às colônias após a Guerra dos Sete Anos. As políticas censuráveis listadas na Declaração incluem a tributação sem representação, o uso estendido de tribunais de vice-almirantado, os vários Atos Coercitivos e o Ato Declaratório. A Declaração descreve como os colonos, durante dez anos, repetidamente solicitaram a reparação de suas queixas, apenas para ter seus apelos ignorados ou rejeitados. Embora tropas britânicas tenham sido enviadas para fazer cumprir esses atos inconstitucionais, a Declaração insiste que os colonos ainda não buscam a independência da pátria-mãe. Pegaram em armas "em defesa da Liberdade que é o nosso Direito de Primogenitura e de que sempre gozámos até à sua tardia Violação", e "depor-se-ão quando cessarem as hostilidades por parte dos Agressores".

O parágrafo inicial compara as colônias como sendo escravizadas ao Legislativo da Grã-Bretanha pela violência, contra sua própria constituição, e dá isso como a razão para as colônias pegarem em armas:[2]

O Legislativo da Grã-Bretanha, no entanto, estimulado por uma paixão desmedida pelo poder, não apenas injustificável, mas que eles sabem ser peculiarmente reprovado pela própria Constituição daquele Reino, e desesperado de sucesso em qualquer modo de disputa onde se deva ter em conta a verdade, a lei ou o direito, tem por fim, desertado aqueles, tentaram realizar seu propósito cruel e impolítico de escravizar essas Colônias pela violência, e assim tornaram necessário que fechássemos com seu último apelo da razão às armas.

Leitura adicional

  • Boyd, Julian P. "The Disputed Authorship of the Declaration on the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms, 1775." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 74 (1950), 51–73.
  • Hayes, Kevin J. The Road to Monticello: The Life and Mind of Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press, 2008.

Referências

  1. ↑ Boyd, Julian P., ed. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 1. Princeton University Press, 1950. Includes two drafts by Jefferson, one by Dickinson, and the version adopted by Congress.
  2. ↑ Congress, Second Continental. Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms. [S.l.: s.n.] 

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