Cratera Shackleton

Cratera Shackleton
Geografia
Astro
Coordenadas
Diâmetro
20,9 km
Profundidade
2 000 m
Quadrângulo
LQ30 (d)
Geologia
Tipo
Exploração
Epónimo
Localização no mapa de Lua
ver no mapa de Lua

O Shackleton é um cratera de impacto localizado no pólo sul da Lua. O nome da cratera é uma homenagem ao navegador irlandês Ernest Shackleton, famoso por sua expedição à Antártida a bordo do barco Endurance, entre 1914 e 1916.

Candidato para uma colónia humana

Imagem do pólo sul lunar tomada desde a sonda Clementine em 1994.

O eixo de rotação da Lua é sensivelmente paralelo a seu eixo de translação, com tão só 5 de inclinação, o que provoca que nas zonas polares existam zonas expostas à luz solar de forma permanente ou quase permanente. Estas zonas denominam-se bicos de luz eterna, e são de grande importância para futuros assentamentos humanos. Os bicos que bordeiam a cratera Shackleton estão próximos a ter iluminação permanente, com exposições solares superiores ao 80%. Por este motivo, a cratera Shackleton é um dos assentamentos mais prováveis para uma futura base lunar.[1]

A cratera tem sido sobrevoado pelas sondas Clementine (1994), Lunar Prospector (1998]] e SELENE (2004), e espera a visita em 2009 da sonda LCROSS.[2][3]

Pelos mesmos motivos, também existem zonas de escuridão permanente no fundo da cratera.[4] Isso permitiria que o conteúdo de qualquer asteroide que tivesse impactado nessa superfície tivesse ficado inalterado, permitindo a hipotética existência de água. Pelo momento há constancia da existência de hidrogênio, mas não se encontrou água.[3]

Referências

  1. Leonard David (2006). «NASA to set up polar moon camp» (em inglês). Consultado em 23 de abril de 2009 
  2. Andrea Thompson (2008). «Hopes Dashed for Ice on Moon» (em inglês). Consultado em 27 de abril de 2009 
  3. a b Nancy Atkinson (2008). «Ice on the Moon? Debate Resumes». Consultado em 12 de agosto de 2011 
  4. Lee Pullen. «Cold Storage: Moon Might Preserve Alien Life». Consultado em 12 de agosto de 2011 

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