Corrente crítica

Corrente Crítica é uma nova abordagem para gerenciamento de projetos, voltado para a administração de prazos e atividades, baseado na teoria das restrições (TOC).

Bases teóricas

A teoria das restrições (TOC) foi desenvolvida por E. Goldratt. Ele demonstrou cientificamente que num sistema de processos interdependentes sucessivos o fluxo máximo de produção não consegue ultrapassar o fluxo que atravessa o recurso com menor capacidade -- denominado de gargalo. Dito de forma mais simples: um sistema é tão forte quanto o mais fraco de seus elos. Baseado nessa afirmativa simples, demonstrou como o gerenciamento do gargalo de um sistema pode apresentar uma base científica, focada e altamente racional para o gerenciamento da produção e em especial o gerenciamento de projetos.

Procedimento

Atua na quebra dos paradigmas de que todo projeto atrasa e estoura no orçamento. Oferece novos métodos de estimativas de tempo, de enfoque de tarefas, de monitoração do projeto, de viabilidade econômica e de formação da rede de precedência. A rede de precedência é formada obedecendo às restrições de tempo e recursos, sendo a corrente crítica à seqüência na qual não pode ocorrer nenhum atraso em nenhuma atividade, devendo ser priorizada na administração de tarefas. Para evitar os atrasos, esta seqüência é protegida por reservas chamadas "pulmões", tanto de recursos como de tempo. O projeto é protegido por um "pulmão de projeto". Para diversos projetos que utilizam o mesmo recurso, este é considerado como a primeira restrição, sendo protegido também pelo "pulmão de gargalo".

Resultados

Esta metodologia vem revolucionando o gerenciamento de projetos, atingindo como resultado final redução do tempo de desenvolvimento em de 20 a 50 %, além de manter o escopo e orçamento planejados.

Referências

  • GOLDRATT, A. Y. 1997. Corrente crítica. Trad. Thomas Corbett Neto. São Paulo: Ed. Nobel.

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