Conflito sectário em Molucas

O conflito sectário nas Ilhas Molucas foi um período de conflito étnico-político ao longo de linhas religiosas, que atravessou as ilhas indonésias que compõem o arquipélago de Molucas, com distúrbios particularmente graves nas ilhas de Amboina e Halmahera. A duração do conflito é geralmente datada do início da era Reformasi no início de 1999 até a assinatura do Acordo Malino II em 13 de fevereiro de 2002.

As principais causas do conflito são atribuídas à instabilidade política e econômica em geral na Indonésia após a queda de Suharto e a desvalorização da rupia durante e depois de uma ampla crise econômica no Sudeste da Ásia. ^[1] A futura divisão da então província de Molucas na atual província de Molucas e na província de Molucas do Norte agravou ainda mais as disputas políticas distritais existentes ^[2]^[3] e, uma vez que a disputa política foi caracterizada ao longo de linhas religiosas, combates inter-comunitários irromperam entre as comunidades cristãs e muçulmanas em janeiro de 1999, transbordando para o que poderia ser descrito como uma guerra total e atrocidades contra a população civil cometidas por ambos os lados. ^[4] Os principais beligerantes foram milícias religiosas, portanto, de ambas as religiões, ^[5] incluindo a bem organizada Laskar Jihad islâmica, ^[6] e as forças militares do governo da Indonésia.^[7]

Notas

↑ Bertrand 2004, p. 122
↑ Duncan, Christopher R. (outubro de 2005). «The Other Maluku: Chronologies of Conflict in North Maluku». Indonesia. Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University. 80: 53–80. JSTOR 3351319
↑ Bertrand 2004, pp. 129–131
↑ Hedman 2008, p. 50
↑ Sidel 2007, p. 181
↑ Sidel 2007, p. 184
↑ Bertrand 2004, p. 133

Bibliografia

Bertrand, Jacques (2004). Nationalism and ethnic conflict in Indonesia. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52441-5
Braithwaite, John; Leah Dunn (2010). «3. Maluku and North Maluku». Anomie and Violence: Non-truth and reconciliation in Indonesian peacebuilding (PDF). [S.l.]: The Australian National University. pp. 147–243. ISBN 978-1-921666-22-3. Consultado em 6 de fevereiro de 2015. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 29 de março de 2012
Duncan, Christopher R. (2013). Violence and Vengeance: Religious Conflict and Its Aftermath in Eastern Indonesia. [S.l.]: Cornell University Press
Hedman, Eva-Lotta E. (2008). Conflict, violence, and displacement in indonesia. [S.l.]: Cornell South East Asia Program Publications. pp. 29–231. ISBN 978-0-87727-775-0
van Klinken, Geert Arend (2007). Communal violence and democratization in Indonesia: small town wars. [S.l.]: Taylor & Francis. pp. 88–124. ISBN 0-203-96511-6
Lindsey, Timothy (2008). «Adat law, conflict and reconciliation: the Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku». Indonesia, law and society. [S.l.]: Federation Press. pp. 115–146
Sidel, John Thayer (2007). Riots, pogroms, jihad: religious violence in Indonesia. [S.l.]: NUS Press. ISBN 9971-69-357-7
Wilson, Chris (2008). Ethno-religious violence in Indonesia: from soil to God. [S.l.]: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-92898-9

Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês cujo título é «Maluku sectarian conflict».

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