Condestável

Condestável é uma designação para diversos cargos, tendo mudado de significado ao longo da história e atualmente sendo usado para cargos diferentes em diferentes lugares.

Etimologia

O termo se origina de um cargo palatino do Império Romano, comes stabuli, originalmente o oficial responsável pela manutenção dos estábulos e os cavalos na corte imperial.[1]

História

Em Portugal o título de Condestável do Reino ou Condestável de Portugal foi criado pelo rei Fernando I em 1382, para assumir as funções militares do antigo cargo de Alferes-mor, constituindo a segunda personagem da hierarquia militar nacional, depois do Rei de Portugal. Tendo como responsabilidades comandar uma campanha militar na ausência do rei e manter a disciplina do exército, suas funções aproximavam-se das que modernamente tem o chefe do estado-maior e das dos mestres de campo generais dos séculos XVI e XVII.

D. João I concedeu o título de condestável a Nuno Álvares Pereira mantendo-se a partir daí em fidalgos da primeira nobreza, alguns de sangue real. A partir do reinado de D. João IV (1640 a 1656), o título deixou de ter conotações militares ou administrativas, para ser exclusivamente honorífico. Com este significado, por exemplo, foi concedido à família dos duques de Cadaval, até 1834. Os fidalgos que possuíam o título de condestável assistiam o acto de aclamação real empunhando o estoque, o que representa uma reminiscência da obrigação que competia ao alferes-mor de manter os desafios em nome do rei.

Em Portugal e no Brasil o termo foi posteriormente usado, entre os séculos XVII e XVIII, com diversos outros significados menores. Eram chamados de condestáveis em Portugal e no Brasil Colônia, por exemplo, os chefes de artilharia das praças de guerra (fortificações), dos navios de guerra e da milícia.[2]

Nos Estados Unidos, assim como em outros países de língua inglesa, o condestável (em inglês constable) pode se referir a um servidor do estado com designações policiais e jurídicas. É uma função mais comum em pequenas cidades e condados do interior.[3]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «constable». Britannica. Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2022 
  2. ↑ Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa
  3. ↑ Constable Definition - Dictionary.com
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