Computador com programa armazenado

Um computador com programa armazenado é um computador que armazena instruções de programa em memória acessível eletronicamente ou opticamente.[1] Isso contrasta com sistemas que armazenavam as instruções do programa em plugboards ou mecanismos semelhantes. A definição é frequentemente ampliada com a exigência de que o tratamento de programas e dados na memória seja intercambiável ou uniforme.[2][3][4]

Em princípio, os computadores com programas armazenados foram projetados com diversas características arquitetônicas. Um computador com arquitetura de von Neumann armazena dados de programa e dados de instrução na mesma memória, enquanto um computador com arquitetura Harvard possui memórias separadas para armazenar programas e dados.[5][6] No entanto, o termo computador com programa armazenado é algumas vezes usado como sinônimo da arquitetura von Neumann.[7][8] Jack Copeland considera que é "historicamente inapropriado referir-se aos computadores digitais com programas armazenados eletrônicos como 'máquinas de von Neumann'".[9] Hennessy e Patterson escreveram que as primeiras máquinas de Harvard foram consideradas "reacionárias pelos defensores dos computadores com programas armazenados".[10]

Referências

  1. ↑ Allison, Joanne (1997), Stored-program Computers, consultado em 24 de agosto de 2011, cópia arquivada em 27 de setembro de 2011 
  2. ↑ William F. Gilreath; Phillip A. Laplante (2003). Computer Architecture: A Minimalist Perspective. [S.l.]: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-7416-5 
  3. ↑ Edwin D. Reilly (2003). Milestones in computer science and information technology. [S.l.]: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-521-9  Verifique o valor de |url-access=registration (ajuda)
  4. ↑ Murdocca, Miles J.; Vincent P. Heuring (2000). Principles of Computer Architecture. [S.l.]: Prentice-Hall. 5 páginas. ISBN 0-201-43664-7 
  5. ↑ Daniel Page (2009). A Practical Introduction to Computer Architecture. [S.l.]: Springer. ISBN 978-1-84882-255-9 
  6. ↑ Mark Balch (2003). Complete digital design: a comprehensive guide to digital electronics and computer system architecture. [S.l.]: McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-140927-8. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2011 
  7. ↑ Daniel Page (2009). A Practical Introduction to Computer Architecture. [S.l.]: Springer. ISBN 978-1-84882-255-9 
  8. ↑ Ivor Grattan-Guinness (2003). Companion encyclopedia of the history and philosophy of the mathematical sciences. [S.l.]: JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7396-6 
  9. ↑ Copeland, Jack (2000). «A Brief History of Computing». Consultado em 27 January 2010  Verifique data em: |acessodata= (ajuda)
  10. ↑ John L. Hennessy; David A. Patterson; David Goldberg (2003). Computer architecture: a quantitative approach. [S.l.]: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-1-55860-724-8  Verifique o valor de |url-access=registration (ajuda)
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