Clã Ogasawara

O Mon (Brasão) do Clã Ogasawara

O Clã Ogasawara ( 小笠原氏 Ogasawara-shi?) foi um clã samurai que descende do Seiwa Genji [1]. Os Ogasawara atuavam como Shugos (governadores) da Província de Shinano nos Períodos Kamakura, Muromachi e Azuchi-Momoyama (c. 1185-1600), e como Daimyō (senhores feudais) de territórios em Kyūshū durante o Período Edo (1600-1867).

No final do Período Sengoku (final do Século XVI), o clã fez oposição a Toyotomi Hideyoshi e a Tokugawa Ieyasu . Mas durante o Período Edo, os Ogasawara foram classificados como fudai (Clã Aliado) e eram vassalos hereditários dos Tokugawa [2], em contraste com os tozama (Clã Forasteiro).

História

O Clã Ogasawara se originou no Século XII na Província de Shinano [2]. Descendem de Takeda Yoshikiyo e por conseguinte do Seiwa Genji [1]. Em termos gerais, existem duas linhas genealógicas dos Ogasawara, a Matsuo e a Fukashi , que identificam lugares em Shinano. A linha Matsuo deu origem aos Ogasawara de Echizen, e a linha Fukashi aos Ogasawara de Bunzen [3].

Durante os períodos Kamakura, Muromachi, o clã controlou a Província de Shinano, enquanto clãs aliados controlavam as províncias de Província de Awa, Bizen, Bitchū, Iwami, Mikawa, Tōtōmi e Mutsu. De acordo com algumas teorias, o Clã Miyoshi e o Clã Mizukami eram descendentes do Clã Ogasawara.

O clã desenvolveu uma série de escolas de artes marciais, durante este período, conhecida como Ogasawara-Ryu , e contribuiu para a codificação do bushido [4] .

O bisneto de Yoshikiyo, Nagakiyo , foi o primeiro a levar o nome Ogasawara. A área controlada por seus descendentes cresceu para abranger toda a Província de Shinano [1].

O neto de Nagakiyo, Ogawawara Hidemasa (1569-1615), era vassalo de Ieyasu, e em 1590, recebeu o Domínio de Koga (com renda de 20.000 koku ) na Província de Shimōsa . Em 1601, Ieyasu transferiu Hidemasa para o Domínio de Iida (50.000 koku ) em Shinano, e em 1613, consegue voltar para a casa de seus antepassados, no Castelo de Fukashi (80.000 koku ) [1], agora conhecido como Castelo de Matsumoto [5].

Ramos do Clã Ogasawara

O Clã Ogasawara originou os seguintes Ramos:

Membros Notáveis do Clã


Referências

  1. a b c d e f g h Jacques Edmond Joseph Papinot "Ogasawara" em Nobiliare du Japon, (em francês) p. 44-45
  2. a b c d e f g Georges Appert e H. Kinoshita "Ancien Japon" (em inglês) Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha 1888 p.75
  3. a b Paul Varley "The Onin War: History of Its Origins and Background with a Selective Translation of the Chronicle of Ōnin" (em inglês) Columbia University Press, 1967, pp. 80-81 ISBN 9780231029438
  4. A brief history of Ogasawara-Ha Shorinji-Ryu Karate-Do in "San Diego Karate-do" (em inglês) página visitada em 05/09/2013
  5. Chris Rowthorn "Japan Guide" (em inglês) Lonely Planet, 2005 p. 245 ISBN 9781740599245
  6. Dortmund Oliver Rost "Some Information on Nobility, Peerage and Ranks in Ancient and Meiji-Japan" (em inglês) pag. 21
  7. Trumbull, Stephen. Samurai Heraldry, p. 61.
  8. Meyer, Eva-Maria."Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit." Arquivado em 11 de abril de 2008, no Wayback Machine. (em alemão) Universität Tübingen .
  9. Dortmund Oliver Rost "Some Information on Nobility, Peerage and Ranks in Ancient and Meiji-Japan" (em inglês) pag. 13
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