Clã Nanbu

Parque em Morioka com as ruínas do Castelo de Morioka, sede do domínio da principal família Nanbu.

O clã Nanbu ( Nanbu-shi?) foi um clã samurai japonês originado no norte do Japão, especificamente na Província de Mutsu (a costa nordeste de Honshū). Os Nanbu afirmavam serem descendentes do clã Minamoto, e seus membros entraram pela primeira vez no registro histórico como residentes da Província de Kai durante o período Kamakura. O clã se mudou mais tarde para Mutsu. No período Sengoku, o clã frequentemente lutou com seus vizinhos, incluindo o clã Tsugaru, uma de suas ramificações que declarou independência. O clã Nanbu estava no lado vencedor da Batalha de Sekigahara, e adentrou o período Edo como uma família senhorial (daimyo) do Domínio de Morioka. Pelo curso do período Edo, diversas ramificações (famílias) foram estabelecidas, cada qual recebendo seu próprio feudo.

Durante a Guerra Boshin de 1868-1869, o clã Nanbu e suas ramificações lutaram no lado da Ouetsu Reppan Domei, a aliança de domínios do norte. Após o colapso da aliança, o clã Nanbu teve grande parte de suas terras confiscadas e, em 1871, os chefes de suas ramificações foram retirados de seus postos. Na era Meiji, eles se tornaram parte da nova nobreza. A linhagem principal dos Nanbu sobrevive até os dias atuais; seu chefe atual, Toshiaki Nanbu, é o padre-chefe do Santuário Yasukuni.

Origens

O clã Nanbu reivindicou descendência do Seiwa Genji, via o clã Takeda da província de Kai. Minamoto no Mitsuyuki, o trisneto de Minamoto no Yoshimitsu, foi o primeiro a utilizar o nome Nanbu, em homenagem à área em Kai onde ele residia. A referência mais antiga para a região Nanbu de Kai são as escritas do monge budista Nichiren, no século XIII. Foi durante o período Nanboku-cho que os Nanbu deixaram Kai e se mudaram para a província de Mutsu, onde permaneceriam até 1871.[1]

Era Meiji e além

Santuário Nanbu, onde os ancestrais do clã Nanbu são consagrados como kami.

Nos primeiros anos da era Meiji, a linhagem principal dos Nanbu foi enobrecida com o título de conde (hakushaku) no novo sistema de nobreza. Os Nanbu de Hachinohe e Shichinohe também foram enobrecidos com o título de visconde (shishaku).[2] Conde Toshinaga Nanbu, a 42ª geração de chefes da família Nanbu, foi um oficial do Exército Imperial Japonês, e morreu em ação durante a Guerra Russo-Japonesa.[3] Ele foi sucedido por seu irmão Toshiatsu; Toshiatsu era um proponente das artes e estudou pintura com Kuroda Seiki. Quando o herdeiro presumido de Toshiatsu, Toshisada, morreu aos 18 anos, Toshiatsu adotou Toshihide Ichijō, seu genro, como seu herdeiro. Toshihide era filho do Duque Ichijō Saneteru, que era um antigo nobre da corte.[4] Quando adotado, Toshihide assumiu o nome Nanbu, e após a morte de Toshiatsu, se tornou a 44ª geração de chefes da família Nanbu. Após o falecimento de Toshihide em 1980, seu filho Toshiaki se tornou a 45ª geração de chefe. De 2004 a 2009, Toshiaki foi o kannushi (Abade) do Santuário Yasukuni.[5]

Chefes da família

Linhagem principal (Sannohe, posteriormente Morioka)[1][6]

Ramificação (Hachinohe)[9]

Ramificação (Shichinohe)[10]

Referências

  1. a b «"Nanbu-shi"» (em japonês). Harimaya.com. Consultado em 15 de dezembro de 2009 
  2. (em alemão) List of Meiji-era Japanese nobility (accessed 15 August 2008)
  3. (em japonês) Nanbu chūi, p. 30.
  4. Inahara, The Japan Year Book, p. 3.
  5. Alford, Peter. "Yasukuni shrine's top priest Toshiaki Nambu dies," Arquivado em 14 de julho de 2011, no Wayback Machine. The Australian (Sydney). January 9, 2009; Breen, John. "Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory," Arquivado em 17 de abril de 2008, no Wayback Machine. Japan Focus. June 3, 2005.
  6. (em japonês) "Morioka-han" on Edo 300 HTML (accessed 15 August 2008)
  7. a b c Papinot, Jacques. (2003). Nobiliare du Japon, p. 41.
  8. Onishi, Norimitsu. "Ad Man-Turned-Priest Tackles His Hardest Sales Job," New York Times. February 12, 2005; "New Yasukuni chief priest picked," Japan Times. June 13, 2009.
  9. (em japonês) "Hachinohe-han" on Edo 300 HTML (accessed 15 August 2008)
  10. (em japonês) "Shichinohe-han" on Edo 300 HTML (accessed 15 August 2008)

Bibliografia

  • Contemporary Japan: A Review of Japanese Affairs (1939). Tokyo: The Foreign Affairs Association of Japan.
  • Inahara, Katsuji (1937). The Japan Year Book. Tokyo: Foreign affairs association of Japan.
  • Iwao, Seiichi (1978). Biographical dictionary of Japanese history. Berkeley: University of California.
  • "Japan Focus" article on Yasukuni Shrine (accessed 13 Dec. 2007)
  • Oka, Yoshitake (1986). Five Political Leaders of Modern Japan. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
  • Ōoka, Shōhei (1996). Taken Captive: A Japanese POW's Story. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Papinot, Edmond (1948). Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. New York: Overbeck Co.
  • Totman, Conrad (1993). Early Modern Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Papinot, Jacques Edmund Joseph. (1906) Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha. Nobiliaire du japon (2003, abridged online text of 1906 book).]
  • List of Meiji-era Japanese nobility (accessed 15 August 2008)
  • Onodera, Eikō (2005). Boshin nanboku sensō to Tōhoku seiken Sendai: Kita no mori.
  • "Hachinohe-han" on Edo 300 HTML (accessed 15 August 2008).
  • Hoshi, Ryōichi (1997). Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei. Tokyo: Chūōkōron-shinsha.
  • "Morioka-han" on Edo 300 HTML (accessed 15 August 2008).
  • ---- (1913). Nanbu chūi 南部中尉. n.p.:Kikuchi Gorō. (Accessed from National Diet Library, 15 August 2008)
  • "Nanbu-shi" on Harimaya.com (accessed 15 August 2008).
  • ---- (2000). Nihonshi yōgoshū. Tokyo: Yamakawa shuppansha.
  • Noguchi Shin'ichi (2005). Aizu-han. Tokyo: Gendai shokan.
  • "Shichinohe-han" on Edo 300 HTML (accessed 15 August 2008).
  • "Tokugawa Bakufu to Tozama 117 han." Rekishi Dokuhon Magazine, April 1976.
  • "Tsugaru-shi" on Harimaya.com (accessed 15 August 2008).

Leitura adicional

Não-ficção

  • Hesselink, Reinier H. (2002). Prisoners from Nambu : reality and make-believe in seventeenth-century Japanese diplomacy. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
  • Mori, Kahee (1967). Nanbu Nobunao. Tokyo: Jinbutsu Ōraisha.

Ficção

  • Asada, Jirō (2008). Mibu gishiden. Tokyo: Kashiwa shoten.

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