Citosina

Citosina
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Nome IUPAC 4-aminopyrimidin-2(1H)-one
Outros nomes 4-amino-1H-pyrimidine-2-one
Identificadores
Número CAS 71-30-7
PubChem 597
MeSH Cytosine
SMILES
Propriedades
Fórmula molecular C4H5N3O
Massa molar 111.10 g/mol
Ponto de fusão

320–25 °C (decomp)

Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão

Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

Citosina é uma das quatro bases nitrogenadas principais encontradas no DNA e RNA, juntamente com adenina, guanina e timina (uracil no RNA). É um derivado de pirimidina, com um anel aromático heterocíclico e dois substituintes ligados (um grupo amina na posição 4 e um grupo ceto na posição 2).

A fórmula química da citosina é C4H5N3O[1] e o seu nucleosídeo é a citidina. No emparelhamento de base Watson-Crick, a citosina forma três ligações de hidrogênio com uma guanina.

História

A citosina foi descoberta e nomeada por Albrecht Kossel e Albert Neumann em 1894, quando foi hidrolisada a partir de tecidos do timo de bezerros.[2] Uma estrutura foi proposta em 1903 e foi sintetizada (e, portanto, confirmada) no laboratório no mesmo ano.

Em 1998, a citosina foi usada em uma demonstração inicial do processamento de informações quânticas quando os pesquisadores da Universidade de Oxford implementaram o algoritmo Deutsch-Jozsa em um computador quântico de ressonância magnética nuclear de dois bits (NMRQC).[3]

Reações químicas

A citosina pode ser encontrada como parte do DNA, como parte do RNA ou como parte de um nucleotídeo e forma par C-G com a guanina através de três ligações de hidrogênio.

par citosina-guanina

Como trifosfato de citidina (CTP), pode atuar como um cofator para as enzimas e pode transferir um fosfato para converter o difosfato de adenosina (ADP) em trifosfato de adenosina (ATP). A citosina também pode ser metilada em 5-metilcitosina por uma enzima chamada DNA metiltransferase ou ser metilada e hidroxilada para produzir 5-hidroximetilcitosina.

A citosina é instável e sofre desaminação espontânea, formando uracil. Essa reação pode levar a uma mutação pontual se não for reparada pelas enzimas de reparo do DNA, como a uracil glicosilase, que cliva um uracil no DNA.

Referências

  1. Ives, Sumner; Stein, Jess (fevereiro de 1967). «The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, the Unabridged Edition». The English Journal. 56 (2). 302 páginas. ISSN 0013-8274. doi:10.2307/811703 
  2. Kossel, A.; Steudel, H. (janeiro de 1903). «Weitere Untersuchungen über das Cytosin.». Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie (em inglês). 38 (1-2): 49–59. ISSN 0018-4888. doi:10.1515/bchm2.1903.38.1-2.49 
  3. Jones, J. A.; Mosca, M. (agosto de 1998). «Implementation of a quantum algorithm on a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer». The Journal of Chemical Physics. 109 (5): 1648–1653. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.476739 
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