Caverna de Qesem

Caverna de Qesem
מערת קסם
Coordenadas 32° 06′ 36″ N, 34° 58′ 48″ L

A caverna de Qesem é um sítio arqueológico do Paleolítico Inferior 12 km a leste de Tel Aviv, em Israel. Os primeiros humanos ocupavam o local em 400 mil até c. 200 mil anos atrás. A caverna atraiu uma atenção considerável em dezembro de 2010, quando relatórios sugeriram que os arqueólogos israelenses e espanhóis haviam encontrado as primeiras evidências de seres humanos modernos. Blogueiros de ciências apontaram que a cobertura da mídia refletia imprecisa o relatório científico.[1]

Descrição

A caverna existe no calcário turoniano na cordilheira ocidental de Israel, entre as colinas de Samaria e a planície costeira de Israel.[2][3] Ele está localizado 90 metros acima do nível do mar.

Data

A Caverna Qesem foi ocupada entre 420 e 220 ka,[4] embora haja alguma incerteza quanto à data final.[5][6]

Artefatos

As ferramentas de pedra Qesem Cave são feitas de lascas. São principalmente lâminas, raspadores de ponta, furos e facas com suporte natural. Existem também flocos e martelos. Alguns dos horizontes contêm muitas lâminas e ferramentas relacionadas, mas estão ausentes em outras.[6] Em 2019, pesquisadores descobriram evidências do armazenamento e do atraso no consumo de medula óssea animal na caverna. Os ossos eram usados como 'latas' que preservaram a medula óssea por um longo período, até a hora de tirar a pele seca, quebrar o osso e comer a medula.[7]

Referências

  1. ↑ Watzman, Haim (31 de dezembro de 2010). «Human remains spark spat». Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.700. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2013 
  2. ↑ Barkai R, Gopher A, Lauritzen SE, Frumkin A (junho 2003). «Uranium series dates from Qesem Cave, Israel, and the end of the Lower Palaeolithic» (PDF). Nature. 423 (6943): 977–9. PMID 12827199. doi:10.1038/nature01718 
  3. ↑ Gopher A, Barkai R, Shimelmitz R, Khalaily M, Lemorini C, Heshkovitz I, et al., (2005). Qesem Cave: An Amudian Site in Central Israel. Journal of The Israel Prehistoric Society, 35:69-92
  4. ↑ Fornai, Cinzia; Benazzi, Stefano; Gopher, Avi; Barkai, Ran; Sarig, Rachel; Bookstein, Fred L.; Hershkovitz, Israel; Weber, Gerhard W. (2016). «The Qesem Cave hominin material (part 2): A morphometric analysis of dm2-QC2 deciduous lower second molar» (PDF). Quaternary International. 398: 175–189. ISSN 1040-6182. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.102. The Qesem Cave...site...has yielded...teeth associated to the...(AYCC) and dated to about 420-220 ka. 
  5. ↑ Falguères, C.; Richard, M.; Tombret, O.; Shao, Q.; Bahain, J.J.; Gopher, A.; Barkai, R. (2016). «New ESR/U-series dates in Yabrudian and Amudian layers at Qesem Cave, Israel». Quaternary International. 398: 6–12. ISSN 1040-6182. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.02.006. 420-200 ka...closer to 220 ka. 
  6. ↑ a b Parush, Yoni; Gopher, Avi; Barkai, Ran (2016). «Amudian versus Yabrudian under the rock shelf: A study of two lithic assemblages from Qesem Cave, Israel» (PDF). Quaternary International. 398: 13–36. ISSN 1040-6182. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.050 
  7. ↑ «Prehistoric humans ate bone marrow like canned soup 400,000 years ago: Bone and skin preserved the nutritious marrow for later consumption». ScienceDaily (em inglês). Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2019 
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