Campos rupestres

Campos rupestres
Campos rupestres - Porção Sul da Serra do Espinhaço
Campos rupestres - Porção Sul da Serra do Espinhaço

Campos rupestres - Porção Sul da Serra do Espinhaço
Bioma Cerrado, Caatinga, Mata Atlântica
Área 26.520km²[1]
Países  Brasil
Ponto mais alto 2892 metros (Pico da Bandeira)
Localização aproximada da ecorregião dos Campos Rupestres, segundo o WWF.
Localização aproximada da ecorregião dos Campos Rupestres, segundo o WWF.

Localização aproximada da ecorregião dos Campos Rupestres, segundo o WWF.


Os campos rupestres ou rupícolas constituem uma ecorregião definida pelo WWF. São ecossistemas encontrados sobre topos de serras e chapadas de altitudes superiores a 900 m com afloramentos rochosos onde predominam ervas, gramíneas e arbustos, podendo ter arvoretas pouco desenvolvidas.

Em geral, ocorrem em mosaicos, não ocupando trechos contínuos, em áreas de transição entre o Cerrado, a Caatinga e a Mata Atlântica.[2]

Apresentam topografia acidentada e grandes blocos de rochas com pouco solo, geralmente raso, ácido e pobre em nutrientes orgânicos. Em campos rupestres, é alta a ocorrência de espécies vegetais restritas geograficamente àquelas condições ambientais (endêmicas), principalmente na camada herbácea-subarbustiva.

Algumas espécies destacam-se nessa vegetação como: Wunderlichia spp (flor-do-pau), Bulbophyllum rupiculum (orquídea), Xyris paradisiaca (pirecão) e Paniculum chapadense (gramínea).

Flora: Entre as espécies comuns há inúmeras características xeromórficas (presença de estruturas que diminuem a perda de água), tais como folhas pequenas, espessadas e com textura de couro (coriáceas), além de folhas com disposição opostas cruzadas, determinando uma coluna quadrangular escamosa.

Ocorrendo juntamente com o Campo Rupestre em altitudes elevadas, existe também o Cerrado Rupestre, que é um subtipo de Cerrado sensu stricto com vegetação arbóreo-arbustiva que ocorre em ambientes rupestres (litólicos ou rochosos) e terrenos bem drenados. Possui cobertura arbórea entre 5% a 20%, altura média de 2 a 4 metros e estrato arbustivo-herbáceo também destacado. As espécies arbóreas-arbustivas concentram-se nas fendas das rochas, sendo muitas, endêmicas[3].

Eugenius Warming (1867) foi quem pela primeira vez apresentou as vegetações de campos rupestres e de altitude como uma formação à parte do Cerrado e da Mata Atlântica, denominando-os como "höjeste med en alpinsk flora beklædte bjergtopper", ou "topos de montanha mais elevados cobertos por uma flora alpina".[2]

Rizzini (1997) rejeita a distinção entre campos rupestres e campos limpos feita por Magalhães (1966), e interpreta os campos rupestres como campos limpos, preferindo evitar o termo "rupestre", por considerar que nem todos os campos limpos são rupestres.[4][5][6]

Área de Campo Rupestre na Serra do Cipó, Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH) - MG.

Ver também

Referências

  1. WWF (2012).
  2. a b Vasconcelos (2011).
  3. Pereira, Cássio Cardoso; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson (21 de julho de 2022). «Cerrado Rupestre is not Campo Rupestre: The unknown and threatened savannah on rocky outcrops». Nature Conservation (em inglês): 131–136. ISSN 1314-3301. doi:10.3897/natureconservation.49.89237. Consultado em 22 de julho de 2022 
  4. Rizzini (1997).
  5. Magalhães (1966).
  6. Walter (2006), p. 59-60.

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