Caio (presbítero)

Caio (em latim: Caius), dito Presbítero de Roma, foi um escritor cristão que viveu no início do século III [1], considerado um dos pais da igreja. Pouco se sabe sobre a sua história pessoal.

Fontes

O Cânone Muratori também conhecido como fragmento muratoriano refere-se a ele numa tentativa em estabelecer um cânon do Novo Testamento atribuída a Caius. De seus escritos restaram tão somente fragmentos [2] mencionados por Eusébio de Cesareia em sua "História da Igreja". [3]

Fócio I de Constantinopla [4] líder da grande cisma entre o oriente e o ocidente, em uma nota marginal na cópia de um manuscrito "Natureza do universo", afirma que Caius era presbítero da igreja em Roma e eleito "Bispo dos Gentios". [5] Caius também é citado por Jeronimo que, em seu de Viris Ilustribus, dedica-lhe o capítulo 59. Outros autores igualmente o mencionam, sendo que destes, muitos dos quais citam ou ilustram informações derivadas de Eusébio.

Citações

Eusébio de Cesareia o menciona várias vezes e afirma que ele realizou uma disputa com Proclo, um líder montanista, na época em que Zeferino era o papa (199-217).

"Diálogo contra o montanista Proclo"

Faz referência ao sepultamento de Pedro (no Vaticano) e de Paulo (na Via Ostiense). Caio diz a Proclo: "E eu possa mostrar os troféus dos apóstolos. Porque se você optar por ir para o Vaticano ou a caminho de Ostia, você encontrará os troféus das pessoas que fundou esta igreja."

Segundo a Enciclopédia Catolica[1], "são provas valiosas da morte de São Pedro e Paulo em Roma, e à veneração pública dos seus restos em Roma, cerca do ano 200." Esta é aparentemente a menção mais antiga explicita da presença dos túmulos de São Pedro e Paulo em Roma.

Noutra parte deste texto, no trabalho de Hipólito "Contra Caium" [6] ali parece claro que Caius sustenta que o Apocalipse de São João foi um trabalho de Cerinto um gnóstico,[1] o que justifica a rejeição na sua proposta canônica. Ainda refere-se a 13 escritos sobre o apóstolo Paulo, mas nenhum deles menciona os hebreus.

"Contra a heresia de Artemon"

Neste texto Eusébio refere-se às informações sobre o anti-bispo Natálio, escritas por Caio.

Notas

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Enciclopédia Católica
  2. ↑ Fragmentos de Caius
  3. ↑ Eusébio Pânfilo. História da Igreja. M. Edição Santo-Transfiguração Mosteiro de Valaam, 1993.
  4. ↑ Fócio. Bibl. Cod., 48.
  5. ↑ Enciclopédia Católica.
  6. ↑ Gwynne (Hermathena, VI, pag. 397 sq.)

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