Bárion Delta

Bárion Delta

Os bárions delta (também chamados de ressonâncias delta) são uma família de hádrons subatômicos, partículas que têm os símbolos
Δ++
,
Δ+
,
Δ0
, e
Δ−
 e cargas elétricas +2, +1, 0 e −1 cargas elementares respectivamente. Como núcleons, eles são relativamente leves (1232 MeV/c2) bárions constituídos apenas de quarks up (u) e down (d), mas ao contrário dos núcleons, eles têm spin e isospin igual a 3⁄2,[1] ao passo que o próton e o nêutron têm spin 1⁄2 e isospin ±1⁄2.

Composição

As quatro partículas diferentes que fazem a família delta são distinguidas pelas sua cargas elétricas, que é a soma das cargas elétricas da mistura de quark up (
u
) e quark down (
d
 que os compõem. Eles também têm quatro antipartículas que os opõem em cargas, feitos pelos seus respectivos antiquarks. A existência da
Δ++
, com sua inusual carga +2, foi crucial no desenvolvimento do modelo quark.

O spin 3⁄2 significa que os três quarks dentro da partícula
Δ
 têm seuas eixos de spin voltados para a mesma direção, diferente de seus semelhantes próton e nêutron em que o spin dos três quarks constituintes alinhados são as vezes opostos ao spin dos outros dois. Esse alinhamento de spin é complementado pelo isospin que diferenciam as partículas
Δ+
 e
Δ0
 e núcleons ordinários, que têm isospin e spin de 1⁄2.

Decaimento

Todas as variedades de
Δ
 rapidamente decaem via interação forte em um núcleon(próton ou nêutron) e um píon de carga apropriada. A amplitude de vários estados de carga final dão os seus respectivos coeficientes de Clebsch-Gordan, Mas raramente e mais lentamente, as partículas
Δ+
 podem decair para um próton e um fóton e a
Δ0
 pode decair para um nêutron e um fóton.

Lista de bárions delta

Bárions Lambda
Nome: Simbolo: Quark
constituinte: 		massa em repouso (MeV/c²) I JP Q (e) S C B' T vida média (s) geralmente decai para:
Delta Δ++ uuu 1232 ± 1 3⁄2 3⁄2+ 2 0 0 0 0 5,58 ± 0,09 × 10−24 Próton + Pion(positivo)
Delta Λ+ uud 1232 ± 1 3⁄2 3⁄2+ 1 0 0 0 0 5,58 ± 0,09 × 10−24 pion e próton ou pion e nêutron
Delta Λ ⁰ udd 1232 ± 1 3⁄2 3⁄2 + 0 0 0 0 0 5,58 ± 0,09 × 10−24 pion e nêutron ou pion e próton
Delta Λ − ddd 1232 ± 1 3⁄2 3⁄2 + -1 0 0 0 0 5,58 ± 0,09 × 10−24 nêutron e pion

[a] ↑ PDG relata a largura de ressonância (Γ). Aqui a conversão τ = ℏ/Γ é dada em vez disso.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Δ(1232) 3/2+» (pdf). Particle Data Group. Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2018 

Bibliografia

C. Amsler et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). «Review of Particle Physics». Physics Letters B. 667 (1). 1 páginas. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1P. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018 

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