Budas de Bamiã


Paisagem Cultural e Vestígios Arqueológicos do Vale de Bamiã ★

Duas esculturas, representando Buda, esculpidas na rocha entre os séculos IV e V (gigantes - 53 mts/alt por 40 mts/larg) - destruídas em março de 2001 pelo grupo fundamentalista islâmico do Talibã
Tipo Cultural
Critérios (i),(ii),(iii),(iv),(vi)
Referência 208rev en fr es
Região ♦ Ásia e o Pacífico
País  Afeganistão
Coordenadas Vale de Bamiã 34º50'49"N 67º49'30"E

Vale de Kakrak: 34º48'59"N 67º51'04"E
Cavernas de Qoul-I Akram: 34º49'25"N 67º47'53"E
Cavernas de Kalai Ghamai: 34º49'13"N 67º47'14"E
Shahr-i-Zuhak: 34º49'34"N 66º53'24"E
Qallay Kaphari A: 34º48'39"N 66º50'36"E
Qallay Kaphari B: 34º48'46"N 66º51'00"E
Shahr-i-Ghulghulah: 34º49'57"N 67º50'20"E

Histórico de inscrição
Inscrição 2003
Extensão 159 ha (1,59 km²) - área de proteção 342 ha (3,42 km²)
Em perigo desde 2003 até atualmente

★ Nome usado na lista do Património Mundial

 ♦ Região segundo a classificação pela UNESCO

A Paisagem Cultural e Vestígios Arqueológicos do Vale de Bamiã[1] (em persa: بامیان; romaniz.: Bāmīyān), localiza-se a 240 km de Cabul, no Afeganistão, são um local que contém diversos testemunhos culturais do Reino da Báctria, dos séculos I a XIII, nomeadamente da corrente Gandara da arte budista.

História

Os Budas de Bamiã localizam-se no Vale do Bamiã, na antiga Rota da Seda, uma rota de caravanas que ligava a China e a Índia. É tida pela UNESCO como uma Paisagem Cultural, estando inscrita na Lista do Patrimônio Mundial. Existiam vários mosteiros budistas e um próspero centro para religião, filosofia e arte Budista. Foi um local religioso Budista do século II até a época das conquistas árabes, no século VII, quando ganharam as batalhas de Ualaja, Cadésia e Nemavande sobre o Império Sassânida que dominavam a região.

Os monges dos mosteiros viviam como eremitas, em pequenas cavernas esculpidas nas laterais das rochas de Bamiã. Muitos desses monges embelezavam suas cavernas com estatuária religiosa e produziam frescos (ou Afrescos - português brasileiro). 

As duas estátuas mais proeminentes eram os dois Budas, medindo 55 e 38 metros de altura, os maiores exemplares de Budas em pé esculpidos no mundo.

O peregrino chinês budista Hsüan-tsang viajou pela área por volta de 630 e descreveu os Budas de Bamiã como um florescente centro Budista "com mais de dez mosteiros e mais de mil monges". Ele destacou que ambas as estátuas do Buda estavam "decoradas com ouro e pedras preciosas".

Destruição

Bamiã em 2005

Em março de 2001, por ordem do governo fundamentalista Talibã, foram destruídas as gigantescas estátuas dos Budas de Bamiã - a maior das quais tinha 53 metros de altura e era o Buda mais alto do mundo - que haviam sido escavadas em nichos na rocha, por volta do século V.

Um filme iraniano de 2007 - "E Buda desabou de vergonha"- retrata a vida de sua população quando da expansão do Talibã na região.

Embora as figuras dos dois Budas gigantes estejam quase completamente destruídas, os seus contornos e algumas feições são ainda reconhecíveis entre os restos. É também possível, ainda, explorar as cavernas dos monges e as passagens que as ligam. Como parte do esforço internacional para reconstruir o Afeganistão depois da guerra do Talibã, o governo do Japão comprometeu-se a reconstruir os dois Budas gigantes.

Referências

  1. ↑ Saadi 1944, p. 47.

Bibliografia

  • Saadi. O Jardim das Rosas. Traduzido por Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda. São Paulo: Livraría José Olympio 
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