Borrelia burgdorferi

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaBorrelia burgdorferi
têm corpos enrolados em hélice, movendo-se com movimentos tipo "saca-rolhas"
têm corpos enrolados em hélice, movendo-se com movimentos tipo "saca-rolhas"
Classificação científica
Reino: Bacteria
Filo: Spirochaetes
Classe: Spirochaetes
Ordem: Spirochaetales
Família: Spirochaetaceae
Género: Borrelia
Espécie: B. burgdorferi
Nome binomial
Borrelia burgdorferi
( Johnson et al., 1984)
Wikispecies
Wikispecies
O Wikispecies tem informações sobre: Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi é uma espécie de bactérias patogênicas espiroquetas, bi-membranosas (Gram-negativas), anaeróbicas, extracelulares e flageladas com 15 a 20 μm de comprimento. Responsáveis pela Borreliose e transmitidas por carrapatos.[1]

Epidemiologia

No continente americano, é endêmica nos Estados Unidos; há relato de casos no Brasil, no México, no Canadá, no Chile, na Costa Rica, na Colômbia e na Venezuela. O homem adquire a B. burgdorferi pelas picadas indolores e prolongadas das ninfas dos carrapatos, por isso a maioria dos pacientes nao se recorda ter sido picado. [2] O mesmo carrapato também transmite anaplasmose e babesiose, e inclusive pode passar todas ao mesmo tempo.

Patogênese

Ver artigo principal: Borreliose

A Doença de Lyme pode cursar espontaneamente, pode ter poucos sintomas ou pode causar sérios distúrbios neurológicos, cardíacos, oftalmológicos, articulares e cutâneos. O primeiro sintoma é o eritema migrante, dois círculos vermelhos na pele no local da picada que crescem. A segunda fase aparecem inflamações articulares, neurológicas, cardíacas ou oftalmológicas que ainda são fáceis de ser tratadas. Na terceira face aparecem complicações reumatológicas, neurológicas, oftalmológicas e cutâneas persistentes e mais difíceis de tratar.[3]

Além Doença de Lyme e Borreliose humana brasileira pode causar várias doenças de pele: linfocitoma, acrodermatite crônica atrófica, esclerodermia em placa, líquen escleroso, anetodermia, atrofodermia de Pasini-Pierini (APP), granuloma anular e anetodermia.[4]

A Borrelia burgdorferi expressa sete proteínas de união a plasminógenos e proteínas de união C para evadir respostas do sistema complemento. Pode sobreviver sem ferro. [5]

Tratamento

Complicações neurológicas, cardíacas ou oftalmológicas podem ser tratadas com ceftriaxona 2g/dia IV por 21 a 28 dias ou penicilina cristalina, 18-24 milhões de UI/dia IV divididas em seis doses diárias durante 21 a 28 dias.[6]

Referências

  1. ↑ Motaleb, Mohammed; Corum, Linda; Bono, James; Elias, Abdallah; Rosa, Patricia; Samuels, D. Scott; Charon, Nyles. "Borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions". NCBI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  2. ↑ SANTOS, Mônica; HADDAD JUNIOR, Vidal; RIBEIRO-RODRIGUES, Rodrigo and TALHARI, Sinésio. Borreliose de Lyme. An. Bras. Dermatol. [online]. 2010, vol.85, n.6 [cited 2015-12-03], pp. 930-938 . Available from: <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0365-05962010000600029&lng=en&nrm=iso>. ISSN 0365-0596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962010000600029.
  3. ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/
  4. ↑ Ozkan S, Atabey N, Fetil E. Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39:278-83.
  5. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440571/
  6. ↑ Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED. The clinical assessment, treatment and prevention on Lyme disease: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1089-1134.

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