Batalha de Orongi

Batalha de Orongi
Segunda Guerra Púnica

Campanha romana na Ibéria. As batalhas de Munda e Orongi estão marcadas com o número 5.
Data Fim de 214 a.C.
Local Orongi (Aurinx, provavelmente uma localidade entre Monclova e Jimena de la Frontera[1]), Hispânia
Casus belli Controle da península Ibérica
Desfecho Resultado incerto
Beligerantes
República Romana República Romana Cartago Cartago
Comandantes
República Romana Públio Cornélio Cipião
República Romana Cneu Cornélio Cipião Calvo[2]
Cartago Asdrúbal Barca[3]
Cartago Magão Barca[3]
Cartago Asdrúbal Giscão[4]
Forças
2 legiões Cerca de 14 000 homens
Baixas
14 000 mortos[5][6]
Quase 1 000 prisioneiros[6]
58 estandartes capturados[7]

A Batalha de Orongi foi travada em 214 a.C. entre o exército cartaginês e o exército romano perto da cidade de Orongi, uma localização incerta que ficava em algum lugar entre as modernas cidades de Monclova e Jimena de la Frontera. Seu resultado foi incerto.

Batalha

Depois da retirada de Munda, os cartagineses preferiram se retirar para Orongi,[1] com os romanos no encalço atemorizando-os por conta da súbita derrota.[5] Em Orongi, pela segunda vez, o exército romano de Cipião, levado ainda ferido numa maca, lutou e conseguiu uma nova vitória. Perderam a vida menos de 6 000 cartagineses, cujo número de soldados em condições de combate já havia sido notavelmente reduzido na derrota anterior em Muda.[5]

Pouco depois, os cartagineses conseguiram completar suas fileiras e ocorreu uma nova batalha, pois Magão Barca havia sido enviado por seu irmão, Asdrúbal Barca, o comandante supremo cartaginês, para buscar novas tropas. Esta nova batalha que seguiu terminou novamente em uma vitória romana.[3] Outros 8 000 cartagineses foram mortos, pouco menos de 1 000 foram aprisionados e mais 58 estandartes militares foram capturados. Entre os mortos estavam muitos gauleses, o que rendeu aos romanos, na forma de butim de guerra, muitos torcs (colares de metal típicos) e braceletes. Além disto, dois líderes gauleses, Meniacepto e Vismaro, foram assassinados. Oito elefantes foram capturados e três, mortos[6]

Consequências

Uma vez que a situação na Hispânia parecia favorável aos romanos, eles próprios passaram a sentir uma certa vergonha por não terem sido capazes de libertar Sagunto, que já estava quase seis (ou oito) anos nas mãos dos cartagineses (veja Cerco de Sagunto)[a]. Por conta disto, os romanos começaram a retornar em direção a esta cidade e a libertaram do jugo cartaginês, restituindo-lhe a liberdade. Logo depois, os romanos submeteram os turdetanos, que haviam provocado a guerra entre os saguntinos e os cartagineses, que foram todos vendidos como escravos e tiveram sua capital, Turdetano, destruída.[8]

Notas

  1. Com base na cronologia de Lívio (livro XXIV), Sagunto ficou seis anos em poder dos cartagineses, e não oito.

Referências

  1. a b Smith, William (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. AURINX (em inglês). Londres: William Smith, LLD. 
  2. Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 41.
  3. a b c Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 42.6.
  4. Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 41.4-5.
  5. a b c Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 42.5
  6. a b c Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 42.7-8.
  7. Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 42.4.
  8. Lívio, Ab Urbe Condita XXIV, 42.9-11.

Bibliografia

Fontes primárias

Fontes secundárias

  • Brizzi, Giovanni (1997). Storia di Roma. 1. Dalle origini ad Azio (em italiano). Bologna: Patron. ISBN 978-88-555-2419-3 
  • Duque, A. Montenegro; Blazquez Martinez, J.M. (1982). La Conquista y la Explotación Económica (em espanhol). 1. Madrid: Espansa Calpe S.A. 
  • Piganiol, André (1989). Le conquiste dei romani (em italiano). Milano: Il Saggiatore 
  • Scullard, Howard H. (1992). Storia del mondo romano. Dalla fondazione di Roma alla distruzione di Cartagine (em italiano). vol.I. Milano: BUR. ISBN 88-17-11574-6 

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