Barro Colorado

Monumento Natural de Barro Colorado

Barro Colorado (BCI) é uma ilha criada pela formação do Lago Gatún no meio do Canal do Panamá. A ilha foi formada quando as águas do rio Chagres foram represadas, surgindo um lago. Com o aumento do nível das águas, significante parte das florestas foram submersas, e os topos dos morros permaneceram como ilhas no lago. Essa ilha possui uma área de cerca de 15,6 km².[1]

O governo dos Estados Unidos demarcou a ilha como reserva em 17 de abril de 1923.[2] Inicialmente administrada pela Panama Canal Company, sob a direção de James Zetek,[3] a partir de 1946, Barro Colorado passou a ser administrada pelo Instituto Smithsoniano, junto com as cinco penínsulas adjacentes, como o Monumento Natural de Barro Colorado (BCNM).[2] O BCNM tem uma área de 54 km².[4] Esta entre as áreas tropicais mais bem estudadas do planeta.[5] O Instituto de Pesquisas Tropicais do Smithsonian (STRI) tem um centro de pesquisas permanente na ilha, dedicado ao estudo dos ecossistemas tropicais.[4] Visto que os diversos ecossistemas da ilha foram pouco alterados pelo homem, Barro Colorado tem sido estudo nos últimos 80 anos por várias disciplinas biológicas. Somente a fauna de grande porte se extinguiu de Barro Colorado, após a formação do lago, em 1914. Muitos estudos científicos foram conduzidos para documentar as mudanças da composição de espécies da ilha.

Em 1978, Thomas Croat publicou o trabalho, Flora of Barro Colorado Island, documentando as espécies de plantas da ilha.[1][2] Em 1999, Egbert Leigh, que visitou a ilha pela primeira vez em 1966, e agora passa grande parte do tempo lá, publicou o livro Tropical Forest Ecology : A View from Barro Colorado Island.[6][7] Em 2002, The Tapir's Morning Bath, publicado por Elizabeth Royte, retrata a vida e trabalho dos cientistas dentro da ilha.[5]

A National Geographic produziu um documentário caracterizando Barro Colorado Island, intitulado "World's Last Great Places: Rain Forests", lançado em 2007. A primeira seleção foi intitulada "Panama Wild: Rain Forest of Life" mostra cientistas do Centro de Pequisas e também destaca a batalha pela sobrevivência e associações entre as espécies neste ecossistema diverso.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Thomas B. Croat (1978). Flora of Barro Colorado Island. [S.l.]: Stanford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8047-0950-7. Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2011 
  2. ↑ a b c Ira Rubinoff and Nicholas Smythe (19 de agosto de 1982). A jungle kept for study. [S.l.]: New Scientist. pp. 495–. ISSN 02624079 Erro de parâmetro em {{ISSN}}: ISSN inválido.. Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2011 
  3. ↑ http://www.stri.si.edu/english/about_stri/history.php
  4. ↑ a b Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (n.d.). «Barro Colorado Island». Terrestrial Research Facilities. STRI. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2009 
  5. ↑ a b Elizabeth Royte (4 de novembro de 2002). The Tapir's Morning Bath: Mysteries of the Tropical Rain Forest and the Scientists Who Are Trying to Solve Them. [S.l.]: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-0-618-25758-4. Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2011 
  6. ↑ Leigh, Egbert Giles (1999). Tropical Forest Ecology : A View from Barro Colorado Island. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509602-9. OCLC 36768102 
  7. ↑ Royte p.40

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