Auto-organização

Auto-organização em cubos de Nb3O7(OH) de tamanho micrométrico durante um tratamento hidrotérmico a 200 °C. Inicialmente, cubos amorfos gradualmente se transformam em malhas 3D ordenadas de nanofios cristalinos, conforme resumido no modelo abaixo.[1]

Auto-organização, também chamada de ordem espontânea nas ciências sociais, é um processo em que alguma forma de ordem geral surge de interações locais entre partes de um sistema inicialmente desordenado. O processo pode ser espontâneo quando há energia suficiente disponível, não necessitando de controle por nenhum agente externo. Muitas vezes é desencadeada por flutuações aparentemente aleatórias, amplificadas por feedback positivo. A organização resultante é totalmente descentralizada, distribuída por todos os componentes do sistema. Como tal, a organização é tipicamente robusta e capaz de sobreviver ou autorreparar perturbações substanciais.A teoria do caos discute a auto-organização em termos de ilhas de previsibilidade em um mar de imprevisibilidade caótica.

A auto-organização ocorre em muitos sistemas físicos, químicos, biológicos, robóticos e cognitivos. Exemplos de auto-organização incluem cristalização, convecção térmica de fluidos, oscilação química, enxame de animais, circuitos neurais e mercados negros.

Referências

  1. ↑ Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). «Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb3O7(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties» (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202EAcessível livremente 

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Ligações externas