Artabano III

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Artabano.
Artabano III
Artabano III
Dracma de Artabano III cunhado em Selêucia do Tigre
Xá rival do Império Arsácida
Reinado 79/80–81
Antecessor(a) Pácoro II
Sucessor(a) Pácoro II
Nascimento século I
Dinastia arsácida
Pai Vologases II
Religião Zoroastrismo

Artabano III (em parta: 𐭍𐭐𐭕𐭓; romaniz.: Ardawān), incorretamente conhecido nos estudos mais antigos como Artabano IV, foi um príncipe parta que competiu contra seu irmão Pácoro II (r. 78–110) pela coroa parta de 79/80 a 81.

Nome

Artabano (Artabanus; Ἁρτάβανος, Artábanos) ou Artabanes (Artabanus; Ἀρταβάνης, Artabanēs[1]) são as formas latina e grega do persa antigo Artabanu (*Arta-bānu), "a glória de Arta". Foi registrado em parta e persa média como Ardavã (em persa médio: 𐭓𐭕𐭐𐭍, Ardawān),[2], em acadiano como Atarbanus (Atarbanuš), em elamita como Irtabanus (Irtabanuš), em aramaico como Artebenu (‘rtbnw), em lídio como Artabana (Artabãna),[3] em armênio como Artavã (Արտաւան, Artawān) e em persa novo como Ardavã (em persa: اردوان, Ardavan).[4]

Vida

Não se sabe o ano de nascimento de Artabano.[5] Pela semelhança de sua cunhagem com a emitida pelo xainxá Artabano II (r. 12–38/41), já foi proposto que era filho dele, mas outras análises o apontam como filho de Vologases I (r. 51–78) e irmão de Vardanes II (r. 55–58), Vologases II (r. 78–80) e Pácoro II (r. 78–110). Nos últimos anos de reinado de Vologases I, Pácoro II foi nomeado cogovernante e com a morte do pai em 78, Pácoro assumiu o trono como único xainxá.[6][7] Em 79/80, o governo de Pácoro foi disputado por Artabano. Sua reivindicação ao trono parece ter tido pouco apoio no Império Arsácida, com exceção da Babilônia. A ação mais notável de Artabano III foi dar refúgio a um Pseudo-Nero chamado Terêncio Máximo.[8] Artabano III inicialmente concordou em emprestar ajuda militar a Terêncio Máximo para capturar Roma, até descobrir a verdadeira identidade do impostor.[9] As casas da moeda de Artabano III desaparecem depois de 81, o que sugere que Pácoro II o derrotou.[8]

Referências

  1. Gandhi 2004, p. 44.
  2. Schippmann 1986, p. 647–650.
  3. Dandamayev 1986, p. 646–647.
  4. Ačaṙyan 1942–1962, p. 316.
  5. Verstandig 2001, p. 293.
  6. Dąbrowa 2012, p. 391.
  7. Chaumont 1988, p. 574–580.
  8. a b Schippmann 1986, p. 647–650.
  9. Kia 2016, p. 179.

Bibliografia

  • Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962). «Արտաւան». Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians]. Erevã: Imprensa da Universidade de Erevã 
  • Chaumont, M. L.; Schippmann, K. (1988). «Balāš VI». Enciclopédia Irânica, Vol. III, Fasc. 6. Nova Iorque: Imprensa da Universidade de Colúmbia. pp. 574–580 
  • Dąbrowa, Edward (2012). «The Arsacid Empire». In: Daryaee, Touraj. The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxônia: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987575-7 
  • Gandhi, Maneka; Husain, Ozair (2004). The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names. Déli: Penguin Books 
  • Kia, Mehrdad (2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1610693912 
  • Schippmann, K. (1986). «Artabanus (arsacid kings)». Enciclopédia Irânica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6. Nova Iorque: Imprensa da Universidade de Colúmbia. pp. 646–647 
  • Verstandig, A. (2001). Histoire de l'empire parthe ( -250-227) : À la découverte d'une civilisation méconnue. Bruxelas: Le Cri 

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