Antropologia e homossexualidade

A antropologia tem estudado a homossexualidade e o comportamento homossexual entre os diversos povos. Em geral os antropólogos investigam comportamentos homossexuais em tribos e índios pelo mundo sem deixarem de também estudar e discutir sobre comportamentos homossexuais na sociedade. Estudos de antropologia tem constato que muitos povos adotam hoje a homossexualidade como parte da formação juvenil. Numa famosa compilação efetuada em 1952, por exemplo, os pesquisadores Clellan S. Ford e Frank A. Beach apuraram que a homossexualidade era tida como aceitável e normal em 49 das 76 sociedades sobre as quais havia dados antropológicos a respeito.[1] Inclusive, em algumas delas, todos os homens a praticavam em alguma fase de sua vida.[1] Em algumas tribos da Nova Guiné (kerski, kiwai, kukukuku, marind-anim e outras) as primeiras experiências sexuais dos rapazes eram com homens mais velhos.[1] Tipicamente, o homem só adquiriria status para casar com uma mulher após na puberdade praticar coito anal passivo e mais tarde iniciar um rapaz mais novo.[1] E, ainda assim, mesmo depois de casados, muitos dos homens podiam continuar a ter relações homossexuais paralelas.[2] Por outro lado, a homossexualidade exclusiva, tanto em relação a homens e lésbicas, era desconhecida e incompreensível nessas sociedades.[2]

Além disso, existem formas institucionalizadas de homossexualidade entre diversos índios da América do Norte, em tribos africanas, da Oceania e da Sibéria.[2] Na tribo sudanesa dos bobo-nienequés, viúvas estéreis podiam comprar uma noiva e desposá-la na forma tradicional.[2] O status da noiva, por sua vez, até então inferior nessas tribos, melhorava consideravelmente com o papel de "marido" e mais ainda quando a "esposa" engravidava por meio de um amante do sexo masculino que todos fingiam ignorar.[2] Além disso, muitos povos indígenas norte-americanos permitiam que certos homossexuais exclusivos assumissem o papel de bardoche (nas tribos da nação sioux) ou alyha (tribos mojaves), e estes homossexuais usavam trajes femininos, assumiam tarefas e status de mulher e tinham permissão de conviver com um "marido", além de praticarem coito anal passivo.[2] Muitos antropólogos afirmam que a homossexualidade, no entanto, não seria amplamente comum e aceitável somente em tribos "selvagens" e prova disso é sua aceitação e expansão durante a civilizada Grécia Antiga.[2]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d Aldo Pereira, Vida Intima - Enciclopédia do amor e do sexo, Abril Cultural, 1981, Vol.2, p.265.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Aldo Pereira, Vida Intima - Enciclopédia do amor e do sexo, Abril Cultural, 1981, Vol.2, p.267.

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