Angina estável

Angina estável, conhecida também como angina de esforço, é um tipo de angina causada principalmente por isquemia do músculo cardíaco cuja causa mais comum é a aterosclerose coronariana.[1]

A angina estável ocorre quando há desbalanço entre oferta e consumo de oxigênio pelo coração. Exercícios físicos, refeições pesadas e estresse emocional são fatores que costumam desencadeá-la. Dura, em geral, alguns minutos e desaparece com repouso. Além da aterosclerose, outras condições de saúde como febre, tireotoxicose, anemia grave e taquicardia de qualquer natureza podem desencadear o desconforto torácico.[1]

Alguns fatores de risco são: tabagismo, pressão alta, diabetes, taxa elevada de colesterol e obesidade.

Principais sintomas

Os sinais clínicos cardinais da angina estável são: (1) dor/incômodo torácico referida como pontada, em aperto, peso ou compressão (2) em região retroesternal ou medioesternal podendo irradiar para pescoço, ombro esquerdo e superfície ulnar do braço esquerdo. Apesar de menos comum, a dor pode irradiar para o braço direito (3) de duração curta com melhora após parada de atividade física.[1]

A angina que ocorre em repouso ou noturnamente prediz mudança do padrão para angina instável. Em mulheres e em idosos o padrão de dor é vago e inespecífico nem sempre são expressos pelos sinais cardinais.[1]

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico de angina estável é realizado pela coleta de uma boa história prévia associada a exames como o ECG (eletrocardiograma) e dosagem de enzimas cardíacas, como as troponinas I e T e o CK-MB.[1]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e GOLDMAN, Lee; SCHAFER, Andrew I. (2017). CECIL. Tratado de Medicina Interna 25ª ed. ed. [S.l.]: Elsevier 
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