Ampulheta

Uma ampulheta de vidro e madeira.

A ampulheta é, como o quadrante solar e a clepsidra, um dos objetos mais antigos de medir o tempo. Também é conhecida como relógio de areia.

É constituída por duas âmbulas (recipientes cónicos ou cilíndricos) transparentes que se comunicam entre si por um pequeno orifício que deixa passar uma quantidade determinada de material em pó (historicamente areia) de uma âmbula para a outra - o tempo decorrido para o material passar de uma âmbula para a outra corresponde, em princípio, sempre ao mesmo período de tempo. Fatores que podem alterar a quantidade de tempo incluem a quantidade de material, a grossura do material, e o tamanho da abertura entre âmbulas. Eram frequentemente utilizadas em navios (onde se usavam ampulhetas de meia hora), em igrejas e, no início da utilização do telefone, servia, em alguns locais, para contar o tempo despendido numa chamada (no Norte de Portugal, por exemplo, esta prática era comum em algumas casas comerciais).

Foi muito utilizada na arte para simbolizar a transitoriedade da vida. A morte, por exemplo, é muitas vezes representada como um esqueleto com uma foice numa das mãos e uma ampulheta na outra.

O nome vem do romano ampulla (redoma).

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